The “True, False, Not Given” (TFNG) question type is widely considered one of the most challenging components of the IELTS Reading test. Designed to assess a candidate’s ability to identify specific factual information and logical relationships within dense academic or general texts, TFNG questions require precise discrimination between direct contradictions (“False”) and statements where the text simply provides insufficient or missing evidence (“Not Given”). Mastering the underlying rules, recognizing paraphrased synonyms, and avoiding assumptions based on external knowledge are critical skills for securing a high band score in IELTS Reading.
1. In the IELTS Reading test, what does 'True' mean?
Correct Answer: a) The statement agrees with the information in the text.
Explanation:
In IELTS, 'True' strictly means that the statement expresses the exact same meaning as the information provided in the reading passage.
2. What does 'False' indicate in a True/False/Not Given question?
Correct Answer: b) The statement contradicts the information in the text.
Explanation:
A statement is 'False' if it directly says the opposite of, or contradicts, what is explicitly stated in the reading passage.
3. How is 'Not Given' defined in the IELTS Reading test?
Correct Answer: c) There is no information on this in the text.
Explanation:
'Not Given' means that the reading passage does not provide enough information to confirm whether the statement is true or false.
4. What is the primary difference between 'True/False/Not Given' and 'Yes/No/Not Given' questions?
Correct Answer: a) T/F/NG deals with facts, while Y/N/NG deals with the writer's claims or views.
Explanation:
True/False/Not Given evaluates factual information, whereas Yes/No/Not Given evaluates the opinions, claims, or views of the writer.
5. If a statement is true according to your own general knowledge, but not mentioned in the text, what is the correct answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
You must base your answer solely on the text provided. If the text does not mention it, the answer is 'Not Given', regardless of real-world facts.
6. Do True/False/Not Given questions generally follow the order of the text?
Correct Answer: b) Yes, the answers generally appear in the same order as the questions.
Explanation:
In almost all cases, T/F/NG questions are sequential, meaning the answer to question 2 will be found in the text after the answer to question 1.
7. Which of the following is a common trap in True/False/Not Given questions?
Correct Answer: c) Statements containing the exact same words as the text but with a different meaning.
Explanation:
Examiners often use the exact words from the text to trick test-takers into choosing 'True', even when the overall meaning of the sentence contradicts the text.
8. What is the best initial strategy when approaching a set of T/F/NG questions?
Correct Answer: b) Read the first question and identify the keywords before scanning the text.
Explanation:
Identifying keywords in the statement helps you scan the text efficiently to locate the relevant section before analyzing the meaning.
9. Which of these words is known as an 'absolute qualifier' and often changes the meaning of a statement?
Correct Answer: c) All
Explanation:
Absolute words like 'all', 'never', 'always', and 'only' leave no room for exception and frequently make a statement False or Not Given if the text uses softer qualifiers.
10. If the text says 'Some birds migrate in winter' and the statement says 'Most birds migrate in winter', the answer is likely:
Correct Answer: b) False or Not Given depending on context, as 'some' does not mean 'most'.
Explanation:
'Some' implies a portion, while 'most' implies a majority. They do not mean the same thing, so the statement cannot be True.
11. What role do synonyms play in T/F/NG questions?
Correct Answer: c) They are heavily used; statements are usually paraphrased versions of the text.
Explanation:
IELTS tests your vocabulary. A 'True' statement will almost always use synonyms and paraphrasing rather than exact matching words.
12. Text: 'The project was completed in 2020.' Statement: 'The project was finished before 2021.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
The year 2020 is chronologically before 2021, meaning the statement agrees entirely with the fact in the text.
13. Text: 'Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident.' Statement: 'Alexander Fleming spent years trying to invent penicillin.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text states the discovery was an 'accident', which directly contradicts the claim that he 'spent years trying to invent' it.
14. Text: 'Many young adults prefer living in cities.' Statement: 'Most young adults prefer living in cities because of better job opportunities.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
While the text mentions the preference for cities, it does not state *why* they prefer it. The reason is Not Given.
15. How should you deal with proper nouns (names, places) in T/F/NG questions?
Correct Answer: c) Use them as scan words to quickly locate the relevant part of the text.
Explanation:
Proper nouns are excellent scan words (keywords) because they usually cannot be paraphrased, making them easy to spot in the text.
16. If you cannot find the answer to question 4 in the text, but you have found the answers to questions 3 and 5, where should you look?
Correct Answer: c) In the text between the answers for questions 3 and 5.
Explanation:
Because T/F/NG questions follow the order of the text, the answer for question 4 will be located between the answers for 3 and 5.
17. Text: 'The museum is open daily except Mondays.' Statement: 'Visitors can enter the museum on Tuesdays.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Daily except Mondays' means it is open on Tuesday, making the statement logically True according to the text.
18. Text: 'The new smartphone has a longer battery life than its predecessor.' Statement: 'The new smartphone has the longest battery life on the market.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text compares the phone to its predecessor, but it does not compare it to all other phones on the market. Therefore, it is Not Given.
19. Why is 'Not Given' generally considered the hardest answer to choose?
Correct Answer: a) Because students are afraid they just haven't looked hard enough.
Explanation:
Many candidates waste time reading the text over and over, fearing they missed the information, rather than accepting that it simply isn't there.
20. Which of these pairs of words represents a common qualifying trap?
Correct Answer: b) A majority of / All
Explanation:
IELTS often uses 'a majority' (meaning more than half) in the text, and 'all' (meaning 100%) in the statement, making it False.
21. Text: 'The species was eradicated from the island in 1850.' Statement: 'The species disappeared from the island in the mid-19th century.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
1850 is exactly the mid-19th century, and 'disappeared' is a valid paraphrase for 'eradicated'. Thus, the statement is True.
22. If you read the text and logically deduce an answer, but the text doesn't explicitly state it, you should usually mark it as:
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
You must avoid making assumptions or complex logical leaps. If it is not explicitly stated or a direct synonym, it is Not Given.
23. Text: 'Coffee consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease.' Statement: 'Drinking coffee cures Parkinson's disease.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Linked to a reduced risk' means it lowers the chance of getting it. 'Cures' means it heals the disease after you have it. These contradict each other.
24. Which of the following describes 'scanning' in the context of IELTS Reading?
Correct Answer: b) Moving your eyes quickly across the text to find a specific keyword or phrase.
Explanation:
Scanning is the physical act of looking for a specific word, name, or number without reading the surrounding text yet.
25. What should you do after successfully scanning the text and finding your keyword?
Correct Answer: c) Read the sentence containing the keyword carefully to understand the meaning.
Explanation:
Finding the keyword only tells you *where* the answer is. You must read carefully to determine *what* the answer is.
26. Text: 'Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.' Statement: 'No woman had won a Nobel Prize before Marie Curie.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
The phrase 'first woman to win' means exactly the same as 'no woman had won... before'. It is True.
27. Text: 'Tigers are solitary animals, rarely found in groups.' Statement: 'Tigers frequently hunt together in large packs.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Rarely found in groups' directly contradicts 'frequently hunt together in large packs'. The statement is False.
28. Text: 'The CEO resigned in May.' Statement: 'The CEO resigned because of a financial scandal.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states the fact of the resignation but provides no information regarding the reason. Thus, it is Not Given.
29. When a question statement uses the word 'often', and the text uses the word 'sometimes', are they an exact match in meaning?
Correct Answer: b) No, 'often' means frequently, while 'sometimes' means occasionally.
Explanation:
Adverbs of frequency must be compared carefully. 'Often' implies a higher frequency than 'sometimes', leading to a likely False or Not Given answer.
30. Is it possible to have an answer key that consists entirely of 'True' answers?
Correct Answer: b) No, IELTS test designers ensure a mix of T, F, and NG in almost every block.
Explanation:
In any set of T/F/NG questions, you will almost certainly use at least one of each option. If you have only 'True' answers, you have made a mistake.
31. Text: 'Over 50% of the participants showed improvement.' Statement: 'A minority of the participants showed improvement.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Over 50%' is a majority. 'Minority' means less than 50%. Therefore, the statement contradicts the text.
32. Text: 'The book was written by an anonymous author.' Statement: 'The author of the book is unknown.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Anonymous' is an exact synonym for having an unknown or unrevealed identity. The statement is True.
33. What happens if you write 'T' instead of 'True' on your answer sheet?
Correct Answer: b) It is universally accepted and marked as correct.
Explanation:
IELTS officially accepts 'T', 'F', and 'NG' as valid abbreviations for True, False, and Not Given.
34. If the instructions say 'Write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN', but you write 'TRUE', what will happen?
Correct Answer: b) It will be marked incorrect because you did not follow instructions.
Explanation:
You must follow the exact instructions. If the question asks for YES/NO/NOT GIVEN, writing TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN will be marked wrong.
35. Text: 'Some experts believe climate change is irreversible.' Statement: 'The text states that climate change is definitely irreversible.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text says 'some experts believe', which is an opinion or possibility. The statement claims it is 'definitely irreversible', which changes the meaning to an absolute fact.
36. Text: 'The painting was created in Paris.' Statement: 'The artist lived in Paris for ten years.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know the painting was created in Paris, but there is no information about how long the artist lived there.
37. Which of these is a grammatical structure often used to test comparisons in T/F/NG?
Correct Answer: b) More than / Less than.
Explanation:
Comparative structures are very commonly used traps. The text might mention two things independently, but the statement will falsely compare them (e.g., A is better than B).
38. Text: 'Both men and women experience this symptom.' Statement: 'Men experience this symptom more severely than women.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states both experience it, but it does not compare the severity between the two genders.
39. Text: 'The government has prohibited the sale of the drug.' Statement: 'It is now illegal to buy the drug.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Prohibited the sale' means it is against the law to sell, which makes it 'illegal to buy'. The statement is a logical paraphrase.
40. Text: 'He usually arrives at 8 AM.' Statement: 'He always arrives at 8 AM.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Usually' leaves room for exceptions, whereas 'always' is an absolute. Therefore, the statement contradicts the text.
41. Why should you avoid using your personal knowledge in the Reading test?
Correct Answer: b) Because the test specifically assesses your ability to comprehend the provided text, not your general knowledge.
Explanation:
IELTS is a language test, not a general knowledge test. If the text says the sky is green, you must answer based on the sky being green.
42. Text: 'The film was critically acclaimed.' Statement: 'The film was a massive financial success.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
'Critically acclaimed' means reviewers liked it. This does not automatically mean it made a lot of money (financial success).
43. Text: 'Only a handful of people knew the secret.' Statement: 'Most people were aware of the secret.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Only a handful' means very few. 'Most' means a majority. The statement contradicts the text.
44. Text: 'The construction will be finished by 2025.' Statement: 'The construction will continue until 2026.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
If it is finished *by* 2025, it cannot continue *until* 2026. The statement contradicts the text.
45. When searching for the answer to a Not Given question, what usually happens?
Correct Answer: b) You read through a section of text but cannot find the specific information confirming or denying the statement.
Explanation:
Because questions are in order, you will read past the point where the answer *should* be, realize the specific detail is missing, and conclude it is Not Given.
46. Text: 'The restaurant offers vegetarian options.' Statement: 'The restaurant serves vegan food.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Vegetarian and vegan are different. The text confirms vegetarian options, but provides no information regarding vegan options.
47. Text: 'All employees must attend the training.' Statement: 'The training is mandatory for staff.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Must attend' is a synonym for 'mandatory', and 'employees' is a synonym for 'staff'. The statement is True.
48. Text: 'The treatment is highly effective but expensive.' Statement: 'The treatment is cheap and effective.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text says it is 'expensive', which directly contradicts the statement's claim that it is 'cheap'.
49. What does a modal verb like 'might' or 'could' in the text compared to 'will' or 'is' in the statement indicate?
Correct Answer: b) That the statement is likely False or Not Given because certainty is being substituted for possibility.
Explanation:
Changing a possibility ('might happen') into a certainty ('will happen') alters the meaning, usually resulting in a False answer.
50. Text: 'The volcano may erupt soon.' Statement: 'The volcano is guaranteed to erupt in the next few days.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'May' expresses possibility. 'Guaranteed' expresses 100% certainty. These meanings contradict each other.
51. Text: 'Millions of tourists visit the city annually.' Statement: 'The city receives millions of visitors every year.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Annually' means 'every year', and 'tourists' are 'visitors'. The statement perfectly paraphrases the text.
52. Text: 'The recipe requires two cups of sugar.' Statement: 'The recipe requires three cups of sugar.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
Two cups directly contradicts three cups. The statement is False.
53. Text: 'The athlete broke the world record in 2012.' Statement: 'The athlete retired in 2013.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know about the world record in 2012, but there is no information in the text about retirement.
54. Which strategy helps prevent wasting time on 'Not Given' questions?
Correct Answer: a) Spending a maximum of 1 minute searching for the keyword before moving on.
Explanation:
If you cannot find the keywords or synonyms in the expected sequence area within a short time, it is highly likely the information is Not Given. Do not waste 5 minutes searching.
55. Text: 'Many modern buildings use eco-friendly materials.' Statement: 'All modern buildings are constructed with eco-friendly materials.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text says 'Many' (a significant number but not all). The statement says 'All' (100%). This is a direct contradiction.
56. Text: 'The discovery revolutionized the medical industry.' Statement: 'The medical industry experienced a major transformation due to the discovery.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Revolutionized' means to cause a major transformation. The statement is a perfect paraphrase of the text.
57. Text: 'The ancient ruins were discovered by local farmers.' Statement: 'Archaeologists discovered the ancient ruins.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text attributes the discovery to 'local farmers', which contradicts the statement attributing it to 'archaeologists'.
58. Text: 'In 2005, the company launched its first digital product.' Statement: 'The company's digital product was very popular in 2005.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text confirms the launch date, but gives no information on whether the product was popular or a failure.
59. What is the danger of matching exact words from the statement to the text?
Correct Answer: b) The exact words often appear in a sentence that means the opposite of the statement.
Explanation:
Examiners use exact keyword matching as a distractor. The sentence might contain the words, but a qualifier like 'not' or 'rarely' changes the meaning.
60. Text: 'Some researchers argue that video games improve cognitive function.' Statement: 'It is a proven fact that video games improve cognitive function.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Some researchers argue' indicates a theory or opinion. 'Proven fact' indicates undeniable certainty. Therefore, the statement contradicts the text's level of certainty.
61. Text: 'The population of the city has doubled since 1990.' Statement: 'There are twice as many people in the city now compared to 1990.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Doubled' is exactly synonymous with 'twice as many'. The statement is True.
62. Text: 'The disease affects mainly the elderly.' Statement: 'Only the elderly are affected by the disease.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Mainly' means mostly, but not exclusively. 'Only' means exclusively. The statement is False.
63. Text: 'Students are encouraged to apply early.' Statement: 'Students who apply late will be rejected.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
While early application is encouraged, the text does not state what happens to late applicants. Rejection is not mentioned.
64. Text: 'He writes articles for a living.' Statement: 'His profession is journalism or writing.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Writes articles for a living' means writing is his profession. The statement is True.
65. Text: 'The car can reach speeds of up to 200 km/h.' Statement: 'The car's average speed is 200 km/h.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Up to' indicates a maximum speed, whereas 'average speed' is a typical cruising speed. They are not the same.
66. When scanning for dates or numbers, what is a common paraphrasing trick used by examiners?
Correct Answer: b) They convert numbers to words (e.g., '10' becomes 'a decade').
Explanation:
Examiners test your comprehension by using words to represent numbers, such as 'century' for 100 years, or 'quarter' for 25%.
67. Text: 'A quarter of the budget was spent on marketing.' Statement: '25% of the budget went toward marketing.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'A quarter' is mathematically exactly equivalent to '25%'. The statement is True.
68. Text: 'The conference is held biennially.' Statement: 'The conference takes place twice a year.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Biennially' means once every two years. 'Twice a year' is 'biannually'. The statement contradicts the text.
69. Text: 'Many critics praised the novel.' Statement: 'The novel won an international literature award.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Critical praise does not automatically equate to winning an award. The text provides no information about awards.
70. Text: 'Smoking is strictly prohibited on the premises.' Statement: 'You are not allowed to smoke here.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Strictly prohibited' means 'not allowed'. The statement is a direct paraphrase.
71. What is the consequence of leaving a T/F/NG question blank?
Correct Answer: b) You score zero for that question, same as answering incorrectly.
Explanation:
There is no negative marking in IELTS. A blank answer gets 0 points. You should always guess if you are unsure.
72. Text: 'The author states that modern art is largely misunderstood.' Statement: (Yes/No/Not Given task) 'Modern art is appreciated by most people.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) No
Explanation:
The writer claims it is 'misunderstood', which contradicts the statement that it is 'appreciated by most'. Since it's about the writer's claim, the answer is 'No'.
73. In a Yes/No/Not Given task, what does 'Yes' mean?
Correct Answer: a) The statement agrees with the claims or views of the writer.
Explanation:
'Yes' indicates that the statement accurately reflects an opinion or claim made by the author of the text.
74. Text: 'The CEO claims the company will double its profits.' Statement: 'The company will definitely double its profits.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states the CEO *claims* this will happen. The statement says it *definitely* will happen. We don't know for sure it will happen, only that the CEO claims it.
75. Text: 'He rarely travels by plane due to a fear of flying.' Statement: 'He never flies.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Rarely' means almost never, but it implies he does fly occasionally. 'Never' means 0%. This is a contradiction.
76. Text: 'The software requires a minimum of 8GB of RAM to run efficiently.' Statement: 'The software can run efficiently on 4GB of RAM.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
A minimum of 8GB contradicts the claim that it can run efficiently on 4GB. The statement is False.
77. Text: 'Lions generally rest during the heat of the day.' Statement: 'Lions sleep for 12 hours a day.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know they rest during the day, but the text gives no specific information about the exact duration of 12 hours.
78. When scanning, what type of words are NOT good keywords to search for?
Correct Answer: c) Common verbs and articles like 'is', 'make', or 'the'.
Explanation:
Common words appear constantly throughout the text and are useless for locating specific information.
79. Text: 'She is bilingual in French and English.' Statement: 'She speaks two languages fluently.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Bilingual' means speaking two languages fluently. The statement is a correct paraphrase.
80. Text: 'The bridge, which connects the two islands, was extremely expensive.' Statement: 'The bridge between the islands was cheap to build.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Extremely expensive' directly contradicts 'cheap to build'.
81. Text: 'Sugar is bad for your teeth.' Statement: 'Eating candy causes cavities.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
While this is a known real-world fact, the text does not mention candy or cavities specifically. Therefore, based purely on the text, it is Not Given.
82. Text: 'The factory produces 500 units per day.' Statement: 'The factory creates half a thousand items daily.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
500 is half a thousand, units are items, and per day means daily. This is a perfect paraphrase.
83. Text: 'The hurricane caused unprecedented damage.' Statement: 'A similar hurricane caused severe damage in 1990.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Unprecedented' means it has never happened before. Saying a similar one caused damage in 1990 contradicts 'unprecedented'.
84. Text: 'The team consists of amateur players.' Statement: 'Professional players are part of the team.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Amateur' is the antonym of 'professional'. If it consists of amateurs, stating there are professionals is False.
85. Text: 'Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.' Statement: 'At 0 degrees Celsius, water turns to ice.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Freezes' and 'turns to ice' are synonymous scientific facts stated in the text.
86. Text: 'Despite the rain, the festival was a success.' Statement: 'The festival failed because of bad weather.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text says it was a 'success', which contradicts the statement that it 'failed'.
87. Text: 'The new law will be implemented next year.' Statement: 'The government passed the new law yesterday.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text mentions when the law will be implemented, but gives no information on when it was passed.
88. Text: 'The author suggests that physical books will eventually disappear.' Statement (Y/N/NG): 'The author believes printed books have no future.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation:
'Eventually disappear' aligns perfectly with the claim that they 'have no future'. Since it's the author's view, the answer is Yes.
89. Text: 'Exercise can improve mental health.' Statement: 'Exercise is the only way to improve mental health.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text states exercise 'can' improve mental health (a possibility/one method). The statement uses 'only way', changing it to an absolute condition, making it False.
90. Text: 'The company was founded in 1985.' Statement: 'The company was established in the late 20th century.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
1985 falls exactly into the definition of the late 20th century, making the statement True.
91. Text: 'The virus spreads through airborne droplets.' Statement: 'You can catch the virus by shaking hands.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text only mentions airborne transmission. It does not provide information about touch/shaking hands. It may be true in reality, but it is Not Given in the text.
92. Text: 'John's favorite color is blue.' Statement: 'John hates the color red.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Knowing his favorite color is blue tells us nothing about his feelings toward red.
93. Text: 'The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids as tombs.' Statement: 'The pyramids were constructed to be burial places for the ancient Egyptians.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Constructed to be burial places' is a precise paraphrase of 'built as tombs'.
94. Text: 'He has visited every country in Europe.' Statement: 'He has been to France.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
France is a country in Europe. If he has visited *every* country in Europe, it is logically True that he has been to France.
95. Text: 'He has visited every country in Europe.' Statement: 'He has been to Brazil.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Brazil is in South America. The text only mentions European travel. We do not know if he has traveled outside Europe.
96. What should you do if a statement contains two parts, and one part is True while the other is False?
Correct Answer: b) Choose False.
Explanation:
If *any* part of the statement contradicts the text, the entire statement must be marked as False.
97. Text: 'The committee meets annually.' Statement: 'The committee meets once a year.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Annually' means once a year. The statement is True.
98. Text: 'The new policy applies to all international students.' Statement: 'Domestic students are exempt from the new policy.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states it applies to international students, but it does not state whether domestic students are exempt or included.
99. Text: 'A diet high in saturated fat can lead to heart disease.' Statement: 'Eating saturated fat will definitely cause heart attacks.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Can lead to' is a possibility. 'Will definitely cause' is an absolute certainty. The change in degree makes it False.
100. Text: 'The novel was published posthumously.' Statement: 'The author was alive when the novel was published.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Posthumously' means after the death of the creator. Therefore, stating the author was alive contradicts the text.
101. Text: 'Whales are mammals that live in the ocean.' Statement: 'Whales are a type of fish.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The text explicitly states whales are mammals, which contradicts the statement that they are fish.
102. Text: 'The original manuscript is stored in a vault.' Statement: 'The vault is highly secure.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text mentions the vault, but provides no adjectives or descriptions regarding its level of security.
103. Text: 'It is highly probable that it will rain tomorrow.' Statement: 'It will rain tomorrow.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Highly probable' means very likely, but not 100%. Stating 'It will rain' is 100% certain. This represents a false contradiction in degree.
104. Text: 'The train departs at 9:00 PM.' Statement: 'The train leaves at 21:00.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
9:00 PM is exactly the same as 21:00 in the 24-hour clock. The statement is True.
105. Text: 'The company produces cars and trucks.' Statement: 'The company only produces cars.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
The inclusion of 'only' restricts the meaning, contradicting the text which states they also produce trucks.
106. Text: 'Dr. Smith was unavailable for comment.' Statement: 'Dr. Smith refused to speak to the press.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Being 'unavailable' means he could not be reached. It does not necessarily mean he actively 'refused'. The reason is Not Given.
107. Text: 'The invention of the wheel is one of humanity's greatest achievements.' Statement: 'No invention is greater than the wheel.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text says it is 'one of' the greatest, but it does not claim it is the absolute greatest above all others.
108. Text: 'The library contains over a million books.' Statement: 'There are exactly 1,000,000 books in the library.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Over' a million contradicts 'exactly' a million.
109. Text: 'Most participants were satisfied with the event.' Statement: 'A small number of participants were dissatisfied.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know most were satisfied, but we don't know the feelings of the rest. They could be neutral, not necessarily dissatisfied.
110. Text: 'She enjoys playing tennis.' Statement: 'She plays tennis every weekend.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
Enjoyment does not provide information on frequency. We don't know how often she plays.
111. Text: 'The sun rises in the east.' Statement: 'The sun sets in the west.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
While this is a well-known scientific fact, the text *only* states that the sun rises in the east. It says nothing about setting. Thus, it is Not Given.
112. Text: 'The CEO's salary was increased by 10%.' Statement: 'The CEO received a pay raise.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
An increase in salary is the exact definition of a pay raise. The statement is True.
113. Text: 'Water makes up 71% of the Earth's surface.' Statement: 'More than a quarter of the Earth is not covered by water.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
If 71% is water, then 29% is not water. 29% is more than a quarter (25%). The statement is logically True.
114. Text: 'The museum has free entry on Sundays.' Statement: 'You must pay to enter the museum on Sundays.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Free entry' contradicts 'must pay'. The statement is False.
115. Text: 'He won the championship three years in a row.' Statement: 'He was the champion for three consecutive years.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Three years in a row' is synonymous with 'three consecutive years'.
116. Text: 'Many people believe aliens exist.' Statement (Y/N/NG): 'The author believes aliens exist.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states what 'many people believe', but gives no information on what the *author* specifically believes.
117. Text: 'Global warming is primarily caused by human activity.' Statement: 'Humans are the main cause of global warming.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Primarily caused by human activity' means exactly the same as 'Humans are the main cause'.
118. Text: 'The test takes exactly 60 minutes.' Statement: 'You are allowed one hour and fifteen minutes for the test.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
Exactly 60 minutes (1 hour) directly contradicts an hour and fifteen minutes.
119. Text: 'The new model is significantly lighter.' Statement: 'The new model weighs less than the old model.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Significantly lighter' is a direct paraphrase of 'weighs less'.
120. Text: 'The artist painted the landscape from memory.' Statement: 'The artist looked at a photograph while painting.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
Painting 'from memory' contradicts looking at a physical photograph.
121. Text: 'The project failed due to a lack of funding.' Statement: 'The project would have succeeded if it had more money.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know funding caused the failure, but we cannot assume it *would have succeeded* with more money; there could have been other undiscovered problems.
122. Text: 'The course is designed for beginners.' Statement: 'Advanced students cannot take the course.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The text states who it is designed for, but does not explicitly ban or prevent advanced students from taking it.
123. Text: 'The temperature dropped below zero.' Statement: 'It was freezing.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
Dropping below zero (Celsius) means it is below the freezing point, making 'freezing' a True statement logically inferred from facts.
124. Text: 'The novel was translated into 20 languages.' Statement: 'The novel is available in English.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
We know it was translated into 20 languages, but we do not have a list of those languages. Therefore, whether English is one of them is Not Given.
125. Text: 'He purchased the car for $10,000.' Statement: 'The car was expensive.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: c) Not Given
Explanation:
The exact price is given, but whether that price is considered 'expensive' is a subjective opinion not stated in the text.
126. Text: 'A diet lacking in vitamin C causes scurvy.' Statement: 'Scurvy is the result of vitamin C deficiency.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: a) True
Explanation:
'Lacking in' is synonymous with 'deficiency', and 'causes' is synonymous with 'the result of'. This is True.
127. Text: 'The company expects to hire 50 new employees.' Statement: 'The company has hired 50 new employees.' What is the answer?
Correct Answer: b) False
Explanation:
'Expects to hire' refers to the future. 'Has hired' means it has already happened. This tense shift makes the statement False.
128. What is the final step you should take before deciding a statement is Not Given?
Correct Answer: a) Ensure you haven't missed a complex paraphrase of the keywords in the expected part of the text.
Explanation:
Always double-check that you haven't missed a tricky synonym or paraphrase before committing to 'Not Given'.
