The Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE) was one of the grandest gunpowder empires in early modern history, uniting nearly the entire Indian subcontinent under a centralized administrative apparatus. Founded by Babur after his victory at Panipat, the empire reached its zenith under emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb, leaving an immortal legacy in Indo-Islamic architecture, land revenue administration, and global trade. Following Aurangzeb’s death, the empire suffered rapid imperial overextension, devastating civil wars, and regional fragmentation before its formal dissolution by the British in 1857.
1. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?
Correct Answer: b) Babur
Explanation:
Babur laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi.
2. In which year did the First Battle of Panipat take place?
Correct Answer: a) 1526
Explanation:
The First Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526 between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, resulting in a decisive Mughal victory.
3. Whom did Babur defeat in the First Battle of Panipat?
Correct Answer: c) Ibrahim Lodi
Explanation:
Babur defeated the last Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, at the First Battle of Panipat.
4. Babur's autobiography, the 'Tuzuk-i-Baburi', was originally written in which language?
Correct Answer: c) Chagatai Turkic
Explanation:
The 'Tuzuk-i-Baburi' or 'Baburnama' was written in Chagatai Turkic, Babur's mother tongue.
5. The Battle of Khanwa (1527) was fought between Babur and which Rajput ruler?
Correct Answer: b) Rana Sanga
Explanation:
The Battle of Khanwa was fought in 1527 between Babur and the Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sanga of Mewar.
6. Which military tactic did Babur successfully use in the First Battle of Panipat?
Correct Answer: b) Tulughma and Araba
Explanation:
Babur used 'Tulughma' (flanking tactic) and 'Araba' (use of carts to defend artillery) to defeat the much larger Lodi army.
7. Who was defeated by Babur in the Battle of Chanderi (1528)?
Correct Answer: c) Medini Rai
Explanation:
Babur defeated Medini Rai, a prominent Rajput chief, at the Battle of Chanderi in 1528.
8. Before invading India, Babur was the ruler of which Central Asian territory?
Correct Answer: b) Ferghana
Explanation:
Babur inherited the small principality of Ferghana in present-day Uzbekistan at the age of 11.
9. The Battle of Ghaghra (1529) was fought by Babur against whom?
Correct Answer: b) The Afghans
Explanation:
The Battle of Ghaghra was Babur's final major battle in India, fought against the Eastern Afghans led by Mahmud Lodi.
10. Where is the tomb of Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) located?
Correct Answer: d) Kabul
Explanation:
Babur died in Agra, but his remains were later moved to Kabul, Afghanistan, as per his wishes.
11. Who succeeded Babur to the Mughal throne in 1530?
Correct Answer: c) Humayun
Explanation:
Humayun, Babur's eldest son, ascended the throne in 1530.
12. In which battle was Humayun severely defeated by Sher Shah Suri in 1539?
Correct Answer: b) Battle of Chausa
Explanation:
Humayun was disastrously defeated by Sher Shah Suri at the Battle of Chausa in 1539, nearly drowning in the Ganges while escaping.
13. The Battle of Bilgram or Kannauj (1540) resulted in what event?
Correct Answer: c) Humayun's exile from India
Explanation:
After his defeat at Kannauj in 1540, Humayun was forced to flee India, leading to the establishment of the Sur Empire.
14. During his exile, Humayun sought refuge at the court of which foreign ruler?
Correct Answer: a) Shah Tahmasp of the Safavid Empire
Explanation:
Humayun received asylum and military assistance from Shah Tahmasp I of Persia to regain his lost empire.
15. What was the original name of Sher Shah Suri?
Correct Answer: b) Farid Khan
Explanation:
Sher Shah Suri's childhood name was Farid Khan. He was given the title 'Sher Khan' after killing a tiger.
16. Which silver coin was introduced by Sher Shah Suri that remained a standard currency for centuries?
Correct Answer: c) Rupiya
Explanation:
Sher Shah introduced a silver coin called the 'Rupiya', which is the precursor to the modern Indian Rupee.
17. Where is the magnificent tomb of Sher Shah Suri located?
Correct Answer: c) Sasaram
Explanation:
Sher Shah Suri's impressive octagonal tomb is situated in Sasaram, Bihar.
18. How did Emperor Humayun die in 1556?
Correct Answer: d) Fell down the stairs of his library
Explanation:
Humayun died from injuries sustained after tripping and falling down the stairs of his library, Sher Mandal, in Delhi.
19. Who authored the 'Humayun-nama', the biographical account of Humayun's life?
Correct Answer: b) Gulbadan Begum
Explanation:
Gulbadan Begum, Humayun's sister, wrote the 'Humayun-nama' at the request of Emperor Akbar.
20. What was the name of the library built by Humayun inside the Purana Qila?
Correct Answer: a) Sher Mandal
Explanation:
Sher Mandal is an octagonal building inside the Purana Qila, Delhi, which Humayun used as a library.
21. At what age was Akbar crowned the Mughal Emperor?
Correct Answer: b) 13
Explanation:
Akbar was crowned emperor at Kalanaur, Punjab, in 1556 at the age of 13 following his father's sudden death.
22. The Second Battle of Panipat (1556) was fought between the Mughal forces and whom?
Correct Answer: c) Hemu
Explanation:
The Second Battle of Panipat was a decisive victory for the Mughal forces against Hemu (Hem Chandra Vikramaditya).
23. Who served as the regent and military commander for the young Emperor Akbar?
Correct Answer: b) Bairam Khan
Explanation:
Bairam Khan acted as Akbar's regent and guided the empire's military campaigns during Akbar's minority.
24. Which military and administrative system was introduced by Akbar to organize the nobility and army?
Correct Answer: c) Mansabdari System
Explanation:
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system, which determined the rank, salary, and military responsibilities of government officials.
25. In the Mansabdari system, what did the term 'Zat' signify?
Correct Answer: b) The personal rank and salary of a noble
Explanation:
'Zat' fixed the personal status and salary of the Mansabdar in the Mughal hierarchy.
26. In the Mansabdari system, what did the term 'Sawar' signify?
Correct Answer: a) The number of cavalrymen a noble had to maintain
Explanation:
'Sawar' denoted the specific number of armed cavalrymen (and horses) a Mansabdar was required to maintain for the state.
27. Which finance minister of Akbar instituted the 'Dahsala' or 'Zabti' land revenue system?
Correct Answer: c) Raja Todar Mal
Explanation:
Raja Todar Mal reformed the land revenue system, introducing the Dahsala system based on a ten-year average of crop yields and prices.
28. Who commanded the Mughal forces at the Battle of Haldighati in 1576?
Correct Answer: b) Raja Man Singh
Explanation:
Raja Man Singh of Amber commanded Akbar's army against Maharana Pratap at the Battle of Haldighati.
29. Which legendary Rajput ruler fought against the Mughals at the Battle of Haldighati?
Correct Answer: b) Maharana Pratap
Explanation:
Maharana Pratap of Mewar valiantly fought the Mughal forces at Haldighati, refusing to submit to Akbar.
30. Akbar constructed the Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri to commemorate his victory over which region?
Correct Answer: c) Gujarat
Explanation:
The Buland Darwaza (Gate of Magnificence) was built in 1575 to celebrate Akbar's successful conquest of Gujarat.
31. What was the 'Ibadat Khana' built by Akbar?
Correct Answer: c) A hall for religious and philosophical debates
Explanation:
The Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 at Fatehpur Sikri where Akbar hosted interfaith dialogues.
32. Where is the Ibadat Khana located?
Correct Answer: d) Fatehpur Sikri
Explanation:
The Ibadat Khana is part of the architectural complex in Akbar's new capital, Fatehpur Sikri.
33. What was the name of the syncretic religious code or spiritual program introduced by Akbar?
Correct Answer: b) Din-i-Ilahi
Explanation:
Din-i-Ilahi (Religion of God) was an elite spiritual program instituted by Akbar in 1582, blending elements of various religions.
34. Who was the only prominent Hindu courtier to accept Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi?
Correct Answer: c) Birbal
Explanation:
Birbal (Mahesh Das) was one of Akbar's closest advisors and the only notable Hindu to embrace the Din-i-Ilahi.
35. The 'Mahzar' or Infallibility Decree, which gave Akbar supreme authority in religious disputes, was issued in which year?
Correct Answer: c) 1579
Explanation:
In 1579, Akbar issued the Mahzar, drafted by Sheikh Mubarak, which made the emperor the supreme arbiter of Islamic law in his realm.
36. In which year did Akbar famously abolish the Jizya (poll tax on non-Muslims)?
Correct Answer: b) 1564
Explanation:
Akbar abolished the Jizya tax in 1564, a major step in his policy of religious tolerance and Sulh-i-Kul.
37. Who authored the 'Ain-i-Akbari', a detailed document on the administration of Akbar's empire?
Correct Answer: a) Abul Fazl
Explanation:
The 'Ain-i-Akbari' is the third volume of the 'Akbarnama', written by Akbar's grand vizier and historian, Abul Fazl.
38. What was the original name of Tansen, the legendary musician in Akbar's court?
Correct Answer: b) Ramtanu Pandey
Explanation:
Tansen's original name was Ramtanu Pandey. He was a master of Hindustani classical music and one of Akbar's Navaratnas.
39. What was the official court language of the Mughal Empire?
Correct Answer: c) Persian
Explanation:
Persian (Farsi) was established as the official language of administration and culture in the Mughal court.
40. Where is the tomb of Emperor Akbar located?
Correct Answer: c) Sikandra
Explanation:
Akbar's tomb is located in Sikandra, a suburb of Agra. It was planned by Akbar and completed by his son, Jahangir.
41. What was the childhood name of Emperor Jahangir?
Correct Answer: b) Salim
Explanation:
Jahangir was named Salim at birth, after the Sufi saint Shaikh Salim Chishti, whose blessings Akbar sought for a male heir.
42. What was the original name of Nur Jahan, Jahangir's influential wife?
Correct Answer: b) Mehr-un-Nissa
Explanation:
Nur Jahan ('Light of the World') was born as Mehr-un-Nissa. She became the most powerful woman in the Mughal court.
43. Who was the first English envoy to visit the court of Jahangir in 1608 to seek trading rights?
Correct Answer: b) Captain William Hawkins
Explanation:
Captain William Hawkins arrived at Jahangir's court in 1608 as a representative of the English East India Company.
44. Sir Thomas Roe successfully obtained a farman (imperial directive) for trade from Jahangir in which year?
Correct Answer: b) 1615
Explanation:
Sir Thomas Roe visited Jahangir's court from 1615 to 1619 as an ambassador of King James I and secured favorable trading rights.
45. Which Sikh Guru was executed on the orders of Emperor Jahangir, escalating Mughal-Sikh tensions?
Correct Answer: b) Guru Arjan Dev
Explanation:
Jahangir ordered the execution of the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, accusing him of supporting the rebellious Prince Khusrau.
46. Under whose reign did Mughal miniature painting reach its absolute zenith?
Correct Answer: c) Jahangir
Explanation:
Jahangir was an avid patron of the arts, and Mughal painting, particularly nature and portraiture, reached its highest sophistication during his reign.
47. What was the 'Zanjir-i-Adl' established by Jahangir?
Correct Answer: a) A gold chain of justice
Explanation:
Jahangir installed a 'Chain of Justice' with bells outside his palace, allowing any citizen to ring it and seek a direct royal audience for grievances.
48. Where is Emperor Jahangir buried?
Correct Answer: c) Lahore
Explanation:
Jahangir's tomb is located in Shahdara Bagh, Lahore (present-day Pakistan).
49. The exquisite tomb of Itimad-ud-Daula, known for its extensive use of pietra dura, was built by whom?
Correct Answer: b) Nur Jahan
Explanation:
Nur Jahan built this magnificent white marble tomb for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg (titled Itimad-ud-Daula), in Agra.
50. The famous Shalimar Bagh in Kashmir was built by which Mughal Emperor?
Correct Answer: b) Jahangir
Explanation:
Jahangir built the Shalimar Bagh in Srinagar, Kashmir, for his beloved wife Nur Jahan.
51. What was the original name of Emperor Shah Jahan?
Correct Answer: b) Khurram
Explanation:
Shah Jahan was born as Prince Khurram. He was given the title 'Shah Jahan' (King of the World) by Jahangir after a successful Deccan campaign.
52. Who was the chief architect of the Taj Mahal?
Correct Answer: b) Ustad Ahmad Lahauri
Explanation:
Ustad Ahmad Lahauri is generally considered the chief architect of the Taj Mahal.
53. For whom did Shah Jahan build the Taj Mahal?
Correct Answer: c) Mumtaz Mahal
Explanation:
The Taj Mahal was commissioned in 1632 to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Banu Begum).
54. The magnificent Peacock Throne (Takht-i-Taus) was commissioned by which emperor?
Correct Answer: b) Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Shah Jahan commissioned the famously extravagant Peacock Throne, which was later housed in the Diwan-i-Khas of the Red Fort.
55. Shah Jahan built a new walled capital city named Shahjahanabad. Where is it located?
Correct Answer: c) Delhi
Explanation:
Shahjahanabad is the historic walled city of Old Delhi, containing the Red Fort and Jama Masjid.
56. The largest mosque in India, the Jama Masjid of Delhi, was built by:
Correct Answer: c) Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Shah Jahan constructed the Jama Masjid in Delhi between 1650 and 1656.
57. During the war of succession, the decisive Battle of Samugarh (1658) was fought between Aurangzeb and which of his brothers?
Correct Answer: c) Dara Shikoh
Explanation:
Aurangzeb decisively defeated the heir-apparent, his elder brother Dara Shikoh, at the Battle of Samugarh to seize the throne.
58. Which Mughal prince translated 50 Upanishads into Persian under the title 'Sirr-i-Akbar' (The Great Secret)?
Correct Answer: b) Dara Shikoh
Explanation:
Dara Shikoh was a liberal intellectual who translated the Upanishads into Persian, helping introduce them to the western world later on.
59. Where did Aurangzeb imprison his father, Shah Jahan, for the last eight years of his life?
Correct Answer: c) Agra Fort
Explanation:
Aurangzeb deposed his father in 1658 and confined him in the Agra Fort, where Shah Jahan spent his final years looking at the Taj Mahal.
60. Mughal architecture reached its absolute zenith, focusing on white marble and structural symmetry, during the reign of:
Correct Answer: c) Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Shah Jahan's reign is considered the Golden Age of Mughal architecture, marked by extensive use of white marble, pietra dura, and perfect symmetry.
61. What imperial title did Aurangzeb adopt upon ascending the throne?
Correct Answer: b) Alamgir
Explanation:
Aurangzeb adopted the title 'Alamgir', which means 'Conqueror of the World'.
62. In which year did Aurangzeb reimpose the Jizya tax on non-Muslims?
Correct Answer: c) 1679
Explanation:
Reversing Akbar's policy, Aurangzeb reimposed the Jizya tax in 1679 to enforce orthodox Islamic policies.
63. Which Sikh Guru was executed by Aurangzeb in Delhi in 1675 for refusing to convert to Islam?
Correct Answer: c) Guru Tegh Bahadur
Explanation:
The ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb. The Sis Ganj Sahib Gurdwara in Delhi marks his execution site.
64. The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and which Mughal commander representing Aurangzeb?
Correct Answer: b) Mirza Raja Jai Singh I
Explanation:
Jai Singh I, a Rajput commander in Aurangzeb's service, successfully besieged Purandar and forced Shivaji to sign the treaty.
65. Aurangzeb spent the last 25 years of his reign relentlessly campaigning in which region, severely draining imperial resources?
Correct Answer: c) The Deccan
Explanation:
Aurangzeb shifted his base to the Deccan to conquer Bijapur, Golconda, and the Marathas, causing the 'Deccan Ulcer' that ruined his empire.
66. Under which emperor did the Mughal Empire reach its largest territorial extent?
Correct Answer: c) Aurangzeb
Explanation:
By conquering Bijapur and Golconda, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest geographical extent under Aurangzeb.
67. The 'Bibi Ka Maqbara', often called the 'Taj of the Deccan', was built in Aurangabad during the reign of:
Correct Answer: c) Aurangzeb
Explanation:
Built by Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in memory of his mother Dilras Banu Begum, it heavily borrows its design from the Taj Mahal.
68. Which cultural activity was famously banned at the Mughal court by Aurangzeb due to his orthodox religious views?
Correct Answer: c) Music
Explanation:
Aurangzeb dismissed court musicians and banned the playing of music at the court, although he himself played the Veena.
69. The Satnami rebellion, a major peasant and religious revolt, occurred during the reign of which emperor?
Correct Answer: d) Aurangzeb
Explanation:
The Satnamis, a sect of Hindu peasant-artisans, rebelled against Mughal local officials in 1672 during Aurangzeb's reign.
70. In which year did Emperor Aurangzeb die, marking the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Correct Answer: c) 1707
Explanation:
Aurangzeb died in 1707 in Ahmednagar. His death triggered wars of succession and rapid imperial decay.
71. Who succeeded Aurangzeb and ascended the throne under the title Bahadur Shah I?
Correct Answer: c) Prince Muazzam
Explanation:
Prince Muazzam emerged victorious in the war of succession and took the title Bahadur Shah I (also known as Shah Alam I).
72. Which powerful noble effectively ruled the empire as Wazir during the short reign of Jahandar Shah (1712-13)?
Correct Answer: b) Zulfiqar Khan
Explanation:
Jahandar Shah was a weak ruler placed on the throne by the powerful noble Zulfiqar Khan, who held the real executive power.
73. In later Mughal history, the brothers Abdullah Khan and Husain Ali Khan were popularly known as:
Correct Answer: a) The Kingmakers
Explanation:
The Sayyid brothers earned the title 'Kingmakers' for placing and deposing several emperors (like Farrukhsiyar) on the Mughal throne.
74. Which Mughal Emperor issued the 'Magna Carta' farman of 1717, granting extensive duty-free trading rights to the British East India Company in Bengal?
Correct Answer: c) Farrukhsiyar
Explanation:
Farrukhsiyar granted a farman in 1717 that gave the East India Company the right to trade custom-free in Bengal, a crucial step in British expansion.
75. Which Mughal Emperor was famous for his love of poetry, music, and a luxurious lifestyle, earning the nickname 'Rangeela'?
Correct Answer: b) Muhammad Shah
Explanation:
Muhammad Shah 'Rangeela' (The Colorful) ruled for nearly 30 years but his neglect of administration hastened the empire's downfall.
76. In which year did Nadir Shah of Persia invade India and sack Delhi?
Correct Answer: b) 1739
Explanation:
Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739, heavily defeating the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal and subsequently massacring the citizens of Delhi.
77. At which battle did Nadir Shah decisively defeat the Mughal army of Muhammad Shah?
Correct Answer: c) Battle of Karnal
Explanation:
The Battle of Karnal (1739) took just three hours for Nadir Shah's forces to crush the massive but disorganized Mughal army.
78. Which famous treasures were looted and taken to Persia by Nadir Shah?
Correct Answer: b) The Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor diamond
Explanation:
Nadir Shah looted the imperial treasury, taking immense wealth including Shah Jahan's Peacock Throne and the legendary Koh-i-Noor diamond.
79. Ahmad Shah Abdali, who invaded India multiple times in the mid-18th century, was originally a general under:
Correct Answer: b) Nadir Shah
Explanation:
Ahmad Shah Abdali (Durrani) was a trusted Afghan cavalry commander in Nadir Shah's army before establishing the Durrani Empire in Afghanistan.
80. In which year was the Third Battle of Panipat fought?
Correct Answer: c) 1761
Explanation:
The Third Battle of Panipat took place in 1761, dealing a severe blow to the Maratha Empire and leaving a power vacuum in northern India.
81. Who were the primary combatants in the Third Battle of Panipat?
Correct Answer: b) Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali
Explanation:
The Maratha army, acting as protectors of the Mughal throne, was decisively defeated by the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali.
82. In which decisive battle (1764) did the British East India Company defeat the combined forces of the Mughal Emperor, Nawab of Awadh, and Nawab of Bengal?
Correct Answer: b) Battle of Buxar
Explanation:
The Battle of Buxar firmly established British dominance in India by defeating the allied Indian armies.
83. Which Mughal Emperor signed the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), granting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British?
Correct Answer: b) Shah Alam II
Explanation:
After the defeat at Buxar, Shah Alam II was forced to grant the Diwani (right to collect revenue) of the wealthy eastern provinces to the East India Company.
84. Which Mughal Emperor conferred the title of 'Raja' upon the social reformer Ram Mohan Roy?
Correct Answer: b) Akbar II
Explanation:
Akbar II gave Ram Mohan Roy the title 'Raja' and sent him as his envoy to England to plead for an increase in the emperor's pension.
85. Who was the last Mughal Emperor of India?
Correct Answer: c) Bahadur Shah II (Zafar)
Explanation:
Bahadur Shah II, popularly known by his pen name Zafar, was the last nominal Mughal Emperor.
86. After the suppression of the 1857 Revolt, the British exiled Bahadur Shah Zafar to which city?
Correct Answer: b) Rangoon (Yangon)
Explanation:
The British tried Bahadur Shah Zafar for treason and exiled him to Rangoon, Burma, where he died in 1862.
87. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, who was proclaimed the 'Emperor of India' by the mutinous sepoys?
Correct Answer: c) Bahadur Shah Zafar
Explanation:
The sepoys marched to Delhi and declared the elderly Bahadur Shah Zafar as the symbolic leader and Emperor of Hindustan.
88. In which year was the Mughal Empire formally abolished by the British Crown?
Correct Answer: c) 1858
Explanation:
With the Government of India Act 1858, the British Crown took direct control of India, formally ending the defunct Mughal Empire.
89. In the central administration of the Mughal Empire, what was the primary responsibility of the 'Wazir' or 'Diwan'?
Correct Answer: b) Revenue and Finance
Explanation:
The Wazir (or Diwan) was the head of the revenue department and the highest civilian officer in the empire.
90. In Mughal administration, who was the 'Mir Bakhshi'?
Correct Answer: a) Head of the military and intelligence
Explanation:
The Mir Bakhshi was the head of the military department, responsible for maintaining the Mansabdari system and intelligence gathering.
91. What was the function of the 'Sadr-us-Sudur' in the Mughal administration?
Correct Answer: b) Religious affairs, charities, and justice
Explanation:
The Sadr-us-Sudur was the chief Islamic scholar of the empire, handling religious endowments (waqf) and the judicial department.
92. In Mughal administration, the officer in charge of the royal household, workshops (karkhanas), and supplies was called:
Correct Answer: a) Mir Saman
Explanation:
The Mir Saman (or Khan-i-Saman) oversaw the royal household, imperial workshops, and stores.
93. Which modern Indian historian famously attributed the decline of the Mughal Empire primarily to a structural 'Jagirdari Crisis'?
Correct Answer: c) Satish Chandra
Explanation:
Satish Chandra theorized that a shortage of profitable jagirs (land grants) led to a crisis among the nobility, fatal to the empire's stability.
94. What does the architectural term 'Pietra Dura' (or Parchin Kari) refer to in Mughal monuments?
Correct Answer: b) Inlay of semi-precious stones into marble
Explanation:
Pietra Dura is a highly specialized decorative art involving the inlay of finely cut semi-precious stones into solid marble, widely used in the Taj Mahal.
95. What is 'Charbagh' in the context of Mughal culture?
Correct Answer: a) A four-part quadrilateral garden layout
Explanation:
Charbagh is a Persian-style garden layout divided by walkways or flowing water into four distinct quadrants, highly characteristic of Mughal tombs.
96. The 'Padshahnama', the official visual and textual history of a Mughal emperor's reign, was written for:
Correct Answer: c) Shah Jahan
Explanation:
The Padshahnama (Book of the Emperor) is the official court chronicle of Shah Jahan's reign, primarily authored by Abdul Hamid Lahori.
97. The great poet Tulsidas, who wrote the 'Ramcharitmanas', lived during the reign of which Mughal emperor?
Correct Answer: b) Akbar
Explanation:
Tulsidas was a contemporary of Emperor Akbar and composed the Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Ramayana in the Awadhi dialect, during this period.
98. The orthodox historian Badauni was a severe critic of the religious policies of which Mughal emperor?
Correct Answer: b) Akbar
Explanation:
Abdul Qadir Badauni was a conservative court historian who deeply criticized Akbar's liberal religious policies and the Din-i-Ilahi in his secret writings.
99. Who was the first Mughal Emperor to make extensive and effective use of gunpowder and field artillery in India?
Correct Answer: b) Babur
Explanation:
Babur's effective use of matchlock muskets and field artillery, managed by his expert gunners Ustad Ali and Mustafa, revolutionized Indian warfare.
100. What was the name of the massive gold coin issued by Emperor Akbar, considered the largest gold coin in the world at the time?
Correct Answer: b) Shanshab
Explanation:
The Shanshab was a massive gold coin issued by Akbar, sometimes weighing over 100 tolas, used mostly for high-level gifts and hoarding.
