History general knowledge encompasses the pivotal dates, foundational civilizations, monumental architecture, and transformative figures that have shaped human society across millennia. From the ancient innovations of Mesopotamia and Egypt to the sweeping global changes of the modern era, understanding these milestones provides essential context for global citizenship and competitive examination success. Mastering world history GK sharpens analytical reasoning, broadens cultural awareness, and equips learners to excel in standardized tests and general academic assessments alike.
1. Which is widely considered the earliest known human civilization?
Correct Answer: c) Sumer
Explanation:
Sumer, located in the historical region of Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), is widely considered the earliest known civilization, emerging around 4500 BCE.
2. Which Egyptian Pharaoh commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza?
Correct Answer: b) Khufu
Explanation:
The Great Pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu.
3. Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Correct Answer: c) Augustus
Explanation:
Augustus (formerly Octavian) became the first Roman Emperor in 27 BCE, marking the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire.
4. The Peloponnesian War was fought primarily between which two ancient Greek city-states?
Correct Answer: a) Athens and Sparta
Explanation:
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
5. Which famous philosopher was the tutor of Alexander the Great?
Correct Answer: c) Aristotle
Explanation:
Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece, was hired by King Philip II of Macedon to tutor his son, Alexander the Great.
6. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were major cities of which ancient civilization?
Correct Answer: b) Indus Valley Civilization
Explanation:
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were two of the largest and most prominent settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.
7. Who was the historical founder of Buddhism?
Correct Answer: b) Siddhartha Gautama
Explanation:
Siddhartha Gautama, who lived in ancient India during the 6th to 4th century BCE, became known as the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism.
8. Which Mauryan Emperor embraced Buddhism after witnessing the mass casualties of the Kalinga War?
Correct Answer: c) Ashoka
Explanation:
Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism after the destructive Kalinga War and subsequently dedicated his reign to non-violence and the spread of Dhamma.
9. Which Chinese dynasty is credited with starting the construction of the Great Wall of China?
Correct Answer: d) Qin Dynasty
Explanation:
The Qin Dynasty, under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, began joining together earlier state walls to form the first iteration of the Great Wall of China.
10. The discovery of the Rosetta Stone was crucial for understanding which ancient script?
Correct Answer: c) Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Explanation:
The Rosetta Stone features a decree inscribed in three scripts: Hieroglyphics, Demotic, and Ancient Greek, which provided the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.
11. What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Correct Answer: b) Constantinople
Explanation:
Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire, known for its massive defenses and magnificent architecture.
12. Who was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire?
Correct Answer: b) Genghis Khan
Explanation:
Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206 by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia.
13. In what year was the Magna Carta signed by King John of England?
Correct Answer: c) 1215
Explanation:
The Magna Carta, a foundational document for constitutional law establishing that the king was subject to the law, was signed in 1215 at Runnymede.
14. The Black Death, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, was primarily caused by which disease?
Correct Answer: c) Bubonic Plague
Explanation:
The Black Death is widely believed to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by fleas on rodents.
15. The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict between which two European kingdoms?
Correct Answer: b) England and France
Explanation:
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet (England) against the House of Valois (France).
16. Joan of Arc is considered a national heroine of which country?
Correct Answer: b) France
Explanation:
Joan of Arc played a major role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, helping secure a French victory before being captured and burned at the stake.
17. Who was the first Caliph to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad?
Correct Answer: d) Abu Bakr
Explanation:
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE.
18. Which Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach India by sea?
Correct Answer: c) Vasco da Gama
Explanation:
Vasco da Gama commanded the first European ships to sail directly from Europe to India, arriving in Calicut in 1498.
19. Who invented the mechanical movable-type printing press in Europe?
Correct Answer: b) Johannes Gutenberg
Explanation:
Johannes Gutenberg introduced the mechanical movable-type printing press to Europe around 1440, revolutionizing the spread of information.
20. Which Italian city is widely considered the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Correct Answer: c) Florence
Explanation:
Florence, Italy, under the patronage of the Medici family, was the epicenter of the early Renaissance, fostering artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
21. Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Correct Answer: d) Leonardo da Vinci
Explanation:
Leonardo da Vinci, the quintessential Renaissance man, painted the Mona Lisa in the early 16th century.
22. Who is credited with initiating the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-five Theses in 1517?
Correct Answer: b) Martin Luther
Explanation:
Martin Luther, a German monk, posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517, challenging the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences.
23. Whose expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the globe?
Correct Answer: c) Ferdinand Magellan
Explanation:
Ferdinand Magellan organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522. Though he died in the Philippines, his crew completed the first circumnavigation.
24. What was the capital city of the Aztec Empire?
Correct Answer: d) Tenochtitlan
Explanation:
Tenochtitlan was the massive capital of the Aztec Empire, built on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its ruins are located in the center of modern Mexico City.
25. The ancient Inca Empire was primarily located along which mountain range?
Correct Answer: c) The Andes
Explanation:
The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, situated along the Andes Mountains in South America.
26. Who was the founder and first emperor of the Mughal Empire in India?
Correct Answer: c) Babur
Explanation:
Babur founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat.
27. Which Mughal Emperor commissioned the Taj Mahal?
Correct Answer: c) Shah Jahan
Explanation:
Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal in 1632 to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
28. Who was the last ruling Inca Emperor before the Spanish conquest?
Correct Answer: c) Atahualpa
Explanation:
Atahualpa was the last Inca Emperor. He was captured and eventually executed by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
29. Which Spanish conquistador led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire?
Correct Answer: b) Hernan Cortes
Explanation:
Hernan Cortes led the Spanish expedition that landed in Mexico in 1519 and successfully conquered the Aztec Empire.
30. In what year was Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded?
Correct Answer: c) 1607
Explanation:
Jamestown was established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London and became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
31. What group of English settlers traveled to North America on the Mayflower in 1620?
Correct Answer: b) Pilgrims
Explanation:
The Pilgrims were English Dissenters who traveled on the Mayflower in 1620 to establish the Plymouth Colony.
32. In what year was the United States Declaration of Independence adopted?
Correct Answer: b) 1776
Explanation:
The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, proclaiming the thirteen American colonies as free and independent states.
33. Who was the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence?
Correct Answer: d) Thomas Jefferson
Explanation:
Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, drafting the original document which was then edited by Congress.
34. The Storming of the Bastille in 1789 marks the beginning of which major historical event?
Correct Answer: c) The French Revolution
Explanation:
The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, was a pivotal event that triggered the French Revolution.
35. Which French King was executed by guillotine during the French Revolution?
Correct Answer: c) Louis XVI
Explanation:
King Louis XVI was deposed during the French Revolution and executed by guillotine in January 1793 for high treason.
36. In what year did the Battle of Waterloo take place, leading to Napoleon's final defeat?
Correct Answer: c) 1815
Explanation:
The Battle of Waterloo took place on June 18, 1815. A French army under Napoleon was defeated by a coalition led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard von Blucher.
37. Where was Napoleon Bonaparte exiled to after his defeat at Waterloo?
Correct Answer: c) St. Helena
Explanation:
After his defeat at Waterloo, the British exiled Napoleon to the remote island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died in 1821.
38. The Industrial Revolution began in the late 18th century in which country?
Correct Answer: d) Great Britain
Explanation:
The Industrial Revolution originated in Great Britain, spurred by innovations in textile manufacturing, iron production, and the invention of the steam engine.
39. Who developed the first commercially practical steam engine, significantly advancing the Industrial Revolution?
Correct Answer: b) James Watt
Explanation:
James Watt's improvements to the Newcomen steam engine in the late 18th century made it highly efficient and central to the Industrial Revolution.
40. Who co-authored 'The Communist Manifesto' alongside Karl Marx?
Correct Answer: c) Friedrich Engels
Explanation:
The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, was written by the German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
41. In what year did the American Civil War begin?
Correct Answer: b) 1861
Explanation:
The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
42. Who was the President of the United States during the American Civil War?
Correct Answer: c) Abraham Lincoln
Explanation:
Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th US President from 1861 until his assassination in 1865, leading the nation through its Civil War.
43. Which amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery?
Correct Answer: c) 13th Amendment
Explanation:
The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
44. The Meiji Restoration was a political and social revolution that rapidly modernized which country?
Correct Answer: d) Japan
Explanation:
The Meiji Restoration of 1868 returned practical imperial rule to Japan under Emperor Meiji and initiated an era of rapid modernization and industrialization.
45. Who is widely considered the chief architect of the unification of Germany in 1871?
Correct Answer: b) Otto von Bismarck
Explanation:
Otto von Bismarck, the Minister President of Prussia, used 'blood and iron' diplomacy to unite the German states into the German Empire in 1871.
46. Which 1884-1885 conference formalized the 'Scramble for Africa' among European powers?
Correct Answer: c) Berlin Conference
Explanation:
The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, dividing the continent with little regard for existing indigenous boundaries.
47. In what year did World War I begin?
Correct Answer: b) 1914
Explanation:
World War I began on July 28, 1914, exactly one month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
48. The assassination of which figure is considered the immediate trigger of World War I?
Correct Answer: b) Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Explanation:
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, sparked WWI.
49. Which treaty officially ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers in World War I?
Correct Answer: c) Treaty of Versailles
Explanation:
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, placed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany, officially ending WWI.
50. In what year did the Russian Revolution topple the Tsarist autocracy and lead to the rise of the Soviet Union?
Correct Answer: c) 1917
Explanation:
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917, culminating in the Bolsheviks overthrowing the Provisional Government during the October Revolution.
51. Who was the first leader of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union?
Correct Answer: c) Vladimir Lenin
Explanation:
Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and served as the founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924.
52. World War II officially began when Germany invaded which country in September 1939?
Correct Answer: b) Poland
Explanation:
World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, when Nazi Germany invaded Poland, prompting Britain and France to declare war.
53. Which three nations made up the primary Axis powers in World War II?
Correct Answer: a) Germany, Italy, Japan
Explanation:
The Axis powers were a military coalition that initiated World War II, led by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan.
54. The United States entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor on what date?
Correct Answer: b) December 7, 1941
Explanation:
The Imperial Japanese Navy conducted a surprise military strike upon the US naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, bringing the US into the war.
55. The massive Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France on June 6, 1944, is known as D-Day. Where did the landings take place?
Correct Answer: a) Normandy
Explanation:
The Normandy landings, codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, were the landing operations of the Allied forces in Normandy, France.
56. During World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs on which two Japanese cities?
Correct Answer: c) Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Explanation:
The US detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, leading to Japan's surrender.
57. In what year was the United Nations founded?
Correct Answer: c) 1945
Explanation:
The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945, after World War II, with the aim of preventing future global conflicts.
58. The Cold War was primarily a geopolitical rivalry between which two superpowers?
Correct Answer: b) United States and Soviet Union
Explanation:
The Cold War (circa 1947-1991) was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies.
59. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed in what year?
Correct Answer: b) 1949
Explanation:
NATO, an intergovernmental military alliance between North American and European countries, was established on April 4, 1949.
60. In response to the integration of West Germany into NATO, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites formed which alliance in 1955?
Correct Answer: c) The Warsaw Pact
Explanation:
The Warsaw Pact was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe.
61. Who was the first human to journey into outer space?
Correct Answer: c) Yuri Gagarin
Explanation:
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey into outer space when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on April 12, 1961.
62. Which Apollo mission successfully landed the first humans on the Moon in 1969?
Correct Answer: c) Apollo 11
Explanation:
Apollo 11 was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon on July 20, 1969, featuring astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.
63. In what year did the Berlin Wall, a symbol of the Cold War division of Europe, fall?
Correct Answer: b) 1989
Explanation:
The fall of the Berlin Wall occurred on November 9, 1989, a pivotal event in world history that marked the falling of the Iron Curtain.
64. The collapse and dissolution of the Soviet Union officially occurred in which year?
Correct Answer: c) 1991
Explanation:
The Soviet Union was officially dissolved on December 26, 1991, granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the USSR.
65. The institutionalized system of racial segregation known as Apartheid took place in which country?
Correct Answer: c) South Africa
Explanation:
Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s.
66. Who became the first black president of South Africa in 1994?
Correct Answer: c) Nelson Mandela
Explanation:
Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid revolutionary, served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999 following the country's first fully representative democratic election.
67. India gained independence from British rule in what year?
Correct Answer: b) 1947
Explanation:
The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1947, granting India its independence on August 15, 1947.
68. Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?
Correct Answer: c) Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation:
Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of India, leading the country from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947 until his death in 1964.
69. Who is revered as the 'Father of the Nation' in India for his role in the non-violent independence movement?
Correct Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi employed non-violent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule, earning the title 'Father of the Nation'.
70. The partition of British India in 1947 led to the creation of India and which other independent nation?
Correct Answer: b) Pakistan
Explanation:
The Partition of India in 1947 divided British India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan (which included modern-day Bangladesh until 1971).
71. Who was the first female Prime Minister of India?
Correct Answer: d) Indira Gandhi
Explanation:
Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, served as the third Prime Minister of India and was the country's first, and to date only, female Prime Minister.
72. Who was the first female Prime Minister in the world, serving in Sri Lanka?
Correct Answer: c) Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Explanation:
Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the world's first non-hereditary female head of government in modern history when she was elected Prime Minister of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in 1960.
73. Mao Zedong was the founding father of which state established in 1949?
Correct Answer: b) People's Republic of China
Explanation:
Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, after emerging victorious in the Chinese Civil War.
74. The Korean War, a major conflict of the Cold War, started in what year?
Correct Answer: b) 1950
Explanation:
The Korean War began on June 25, 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in the south.
75. The peace accords that effectively ended direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War were signed in which city?
Correct Answer: c) Paris
Explanation:
The Paris Peace Accords, officially titled the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam, were signed in January 1973.
76. The 13-day confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union in 1962, often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war, is known as the:
Correct Answer: c) Cuban Missile Crisis
Explanation:
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962 when the US discovered Soviet nuclear missile deployments in Cuba.
77. Who was the first emperor of a unified China, known for his terracotta army?
Correct Answer: c) Qin Shi Huang
Explanation:
Qin Shi Huang conquered all other Warring States and united China in 221 BCE, becoming the first Emperor of a unified China.
78. Who founded the Maurya Empire in ancient India?
Correct Answer: b) Chandragupta Maurya
Explanation:
Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nanda Empire and founded the Maurya Empire in 322 BCE, building one of the largest empires on the Indian subcontinent.
79. The Chola dynasty was a powerful maritime empire located primarily in which region?
Correct Answer: c) South India
Explanation:
The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history, originating in the Kaveri River valley in South India.
80. After conquering it in 1453, the Ottoman Empire made which city its capital?
Correct Answer: d) Constantinople (Istanbul)
Explanation:
Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire, later known as Istanbul.
81. What was the name of the ancient network of trade routes connecting China to Southern Europe?
Correct Answer: c) Silk Road
Explanation:
The Silk Road was a vast network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century, facilitating economic and cultural exchange.
82. The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars for the throne of which country?
Correct Answer: c) England
Explanation:
The Wars of the Roses (1455-1487) were fought between two rival cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: Lancaster and York, for control of the English throne.
83. What is the term for the strict code of conduct and moral principles followed by Japanese samurai?
Correct Answer: c) Bushido
Explanation:
Bushido ('the way of the warrior') is a moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle, emphasizing honor, courage, and loyalty.
84. The epic poems 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' are traditionally attributed to which ancient Greek author?
Correct Answer: b) Homer
Explanation:
Homer is the legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are central works of ancient Greek literature.
85. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World was a massive lighthouse located in which Egyptian city?
Correct Answer: d) Alexandria
Explanation:
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria, was a towering lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom in ancient Egypt.
86. Who was the Thracian gladiator that led a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic?
Correct Answer: b) Spartacus
Explanation:
Spartacus was an escaped gladiator who became one of the prominent slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.
87. The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and which other ancient power?
Correct Answer: d) Carthage
Explanation:
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BCE to 146 BCE, ending in the destruction of Carthage.
88. Cleopatra VII was the last active ruler of which ancient kingdom?
Correct Answer: c) Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt
Explanation:
Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, after whose reign Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire.
89. Which grandson of Genghis Khan conquered China and established the Yuan Dynasty?
Correct Answer: b) Kublai Khan
Explanation:
Kublai Khan was the fifth Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan dynasty in China.
90. Marco Polo was a merchant and explorer who traveled along the Silk Road from Venice to which empire?
Correct Answer: d) China (Yuan Empire)
Explanation:
Marco Polo's travels took him through Asia to China, where he reportedly met Kublai Khan and served in his court.
91. The roughly 200-year period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire is known as the:
Correct Answer: a) Pax Romana
Explanation:
The Pax Romana ('Roman Peace') was a long period of relative peace and minimal military expansion experienced by the Roman Empire starting with Augustus.
92. Who was the first President of the United States?
Correct Answer: c) George Washington
Explanation:
George Washington served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 after leading the Patriot forces to victory in the Revolutionary War.
93. Simón Bolívar was a military and political leader who played a key role in the independence of countries in which region?
Correct Answer: b) South America
Explanation:
Simón Bolívar, known as 'El Libertador', was instrumental in the continent's revolutions against the Spanish Empire, liberating countries like Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.
94. The anti-foreign, anti-imperialist Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) took place in which country?
Correct Answer: c) China
Explanation:
The Boxer Rebellion was an armed and violent xenophobic, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist insurrection in China toward the end of the Qing dynasty.
95. Which British monarch's reign (1837-1901) coincided with the peak of the British Empire and the Industrial Revolution?
Correct Answer: c) Queen Victoria
Explanation:
Queen Victoria's reign of 63 years is known as the Victorian era, a period of vast industrial, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom.
96. The 'Invincible' Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy in what year?
Correct Answer: b) 1588
Explanation:
The Spanish Armada, sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England, was defeated by the English fleet and severe storms in 1588.
97. The Opium Wars were conflicts fought primarily between the British Empire and which country over trade?
Correct Answer: c) China
Explanation:
The Opium Wars were two wars waged between Western powers (mainly Britain) and the Qing dynasty of China over British smuggling of opium into China.
98. In what year did the tragic Rwandan genocide against the Tutsi population occur?
Correct Answer: b) 1994
Explanation:
The Rwandan genocide occurred in 1994, during which an estimated 500,000 to 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu were killed in a span of 100 days.
99. What was the name of the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957?
Correct Answer: c) Sputnik 1
Explanation:
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite, launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, triggering the Space Race.
100. In which year was the construction of the Panama Canal completed and the canal officially opened?
Correct Answer: c) 1914
Explanation:
The Panama Canal was completed and officially opened on August 15, 1914, greatly reducing the maritime travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
