American literature encompasses the rich artistic, philosophical, and narrative evolution of the United States from early colonial settlement through the postmodern era. Tracing its roots from the spiritual diaries of the Puritans and the political tracts of the Enlightenment, American writing forged an independent national voice through the 19th-century rise of Transcendentalism (Emerson, Thoreau) and Romanticism (Hawthorne, Melville, Poe). Subsequent literary epochs embraced gritty realism and naturalism (Twain, Dreiser), high modernist experimentation (Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner), and diverse postmodern pluralism. Mastering this expansive historical timeline is essential for academic assessments in literature, humanities scholarship, and competitive exams.
1. Which 17th-century Puritan poet wrote 'To My Dear and Loving Husband' and 'Upon the Burning of Our House'?
Correct Answer: a) Anne Bradstreet
Explanation:
Anne Bradstreet was the first notable poet of the American colonies, balancing Puritan faith, domestic life, and love for her husband in her verse.
2. Which First Great Awakening theologian delivered the terrifying sermon 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God' (1741)?
Correct Answer: b) Jonathan Edwards
Explanation:
Jonathan Edwards was a key figure in the Great Awakening, using vivid imagery of divine wrath and eternal damnation in his sermons.
3. Which Founding Father wrote the political pamphlet 'Common Sense' (1776), advocating American independence from Great Britain?
Correct Answer: b) Thomas Paine
Explanation:
Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' used plain, persuasive language to rally colonial support for the American Revolution.
4. Which American author is credited with writing the first American Gothic novel, 'Wieland' (1798)?
Correct Answer: b) Charles Brockden Brown
Explanation:
Charles Brockden Brown pioneered American Gothic fiction, incorporating ventriloquism, religious fanaticism, and yellow fever into 'Wieland'.
5. Which early American Romantic author created the legendary characters Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane?
Correct Answer: b) Washington Irving
Explanation:
Washington Irving is recognized as America's first professional man of letters, famous for his 'Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.'.
6. Which American novelist created the Leatherstocking Tales, including 'The Last of the Mohicans' (1826)?
Correct Answer: b) James Fenimore Cooper
Explanation:
James Fenimore Cooper established the frontier romance genre, chronicling the life of frontiersman Natty Bumppo.
7. Which transcendentalist philosopher and essayist wrote 'Self-Reliance' (1841) and 'Nature' (1836)?
Correct Answer: b) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Explanation:
Ralph Waldo Emerson was the central philosopher of American Transcendentalism, championing individualism and intuition.
8. Which transcendentalist author lived for two years at Walden Pond and wrote 'Civil Disobedience'?
Correct Answer: b) Henry David Thoreau
Explanation:
Henry David Thoreau advocated for simple living, environmental observation, and moral resistance to unjust state laws.
9. Which Dark Romantic novelist wrote 'The Scarlet Letter' (1850) and 'The House of the Seven Gables'?
Correct Answer: b) Nathaniel Hawthorne
Explanation:
Nathaniel Hawthorne explored Puritan guilt, moral ambiguity, and psychological isolation in colonial New England.
10. Which American novelist wrote 'Moby-Dick' (1851), detailing Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of the white whale?
Correct Answer: b) Herman Melville
Explanation:
Herman Melville's 'Moby-Dick' is an epic masterpiece combining nautical realism, philosophical inquiry, and cosmic tragedy.
11. Which master of macabre fiction wrote 'The Fall of the House of Usher' and invented the modern detective story in 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue'?
Correct Answer: b) Edgar Allan Poe
Explanation:
Edgar Allan Poe was a pioneer of horror, psychological suspense, and detective fiction, alongside pioneering poetic theory.
12. Which revolutionary American poet published 'Leaves of Grass' (1855) in free verse, celebrating democracy and the American body?
Correct Answer: b) Walt Whitman
Explanation:
Walt Whitman was the great bard of American democracy, using expansive free verse to embrace all facets of human experience.
13. Which reclusive Amherst poet wrote nearly 1,800 lyrical poems exploring death, immortality, and nature from her bedroom?
Correct Answer: b) Emily Dickinson
Explanation:
Emily Dickinson revolutionized American poetry with condensed phrasing, slant rhyme, and unique capitalization.
14. Which former enslaved abolitionist wrote the powerful autobiography 'Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave' (1845)?
Correct Answer: b) Frederick Douglass
Explanation:
Frederick Douglass was a brilliant orator and autobiographer whose narrative exposed the brutal realities of chattel slavery.
15. Which abolitionist author wrote 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' (1852), a novel that galvanized anti-slavery sentiment prior to the Civil War?
Correct Answer: b) Harriet Beecher Stowe
Explanation:
Harriet Beecher Stowe's sentimental novel highlighted the inhumanity of family separation under slavery.
16. Which American humorist and realist novelist wrote 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' (1884) under the pen name Mark Twain?
Correct Answer: b) Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
Explanation:
Mark Twain captured American vernacular speech, river life, and moral hypocrisy with biting satire and humor.
17. Which pioneer of psychological realism wrote 'The Portrait of a Lady' (1881) and 'The Turn of the Screw'?
Correct Answer: b) Henry James
Explanation:
Henry James explored the transatlantic clash of cultures and delicate moral consciousnesses in complex, nuanced prose.
18. Which realist novelist wrote 'The Rise of Silas Lapham' (1885) and championed American literary realism as editor of 'The Atlantic Monthly'?
Correct Answer: b) William Dean Howells
Explanation:
William Dean Howells was known as the 'Dean of American Letters', advocating for the depiction of everyday middle-class life.
19. Which Naturalist author wrote 'The Red Badge of Courage' (1895), depicting psychological terror during the American Civil War?
Correct Answer: b) Stephen Crane
Explanation:
Stephen Crane pioneered American naturalism and impressionism with vivid accounts of war and urban destitution.
20. Which naturalist novelist wrote 'The Call of the Wild' (1903) and 'Martin Eden', drawing on his Yukon adventures?
Correct Answer: b) Jack London
Explanation:
Jack London explored survival, primal instinct, and social Darwinism in rugged wilderness settings.
21. Which muckraking author wrote 'The Jungle' (1906), exposing appalling sanitary conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry?
Correct Answer: b) Upton Sinclair
Explanation:
Upton Sinclair's muckraking novel led directly to the passage of federal pure food and drug legislation.
22. Which American realist novelist wrote 'Sister Carrie' (1900) and 'An American Tragedy' (1925), exploring determinism and ambition?
Correct Answer: b) Theodore Dreiser
Explanation:
Theodore Dreiser was a leading American naturalist who examined how economic forces and social environments crush human free will.
23. Which Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist wrote 'The Age of Innocence' (1920) and 'The House of Mirth', chronicling New York high society?
Correct Answer: b) Edith Wharton
Explanation:
Edith Wharton masterfully satirized and critiqued the rigid social codes and snobbery of the Gilded Age elite.
24. Which American novelist wrote 'My Ántonia' (1918) and 'O Pioneers!', celebrating immigrant pioneer life on the Nebraska prairie?
Correct Answer: b) Willa Cather
Explanation:
Willa Cather captured the majesty of the American Great Plains and the resilience of immigrant settlers.
25. Which expatriate modernist poet wrote 'The Waste Land' (1922) and 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'?
Correct Answer: b) T.S. Eliot
Explanation:
T.S. Eliot became a towering figure of high modernism, blending erudite allusions, cultural critique, and spiritual yearning.
26. Which modernist poet championed imagism and famously urged writers to 'Make it new!'?
Correct Answer: b) Ezra Pound
Explanation:
Ezra Pound was a central catalyst of modernist poetry, mentoring fellow writers and promoting concise, hard imagery.
27. Which beloved American poet wrote 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening' and 'The Road Not Taken', using traditional New England settings?
Correct Answer: b) Robert Frost
Explanation:
Robert Frost combined colloquial New England speech patterns with deceptive philosophical depth and traditional metrical verse.
28. Which modernist pediatrician and poet wrote 'The Red Wheelbarrow' and championed American idiom in Paterson?
Correct Answer: b) William Carlos Williams
Explanation:
William Carlos Williams focused on local American objects and sensory immediacy ('no ideas but in things').
29. Which modernist novelist wrote 'The Great Gatsby' (1925), defining the Jazz Age and the tragedy of the American Dream?
Correct Answer: b) F. Scott Fitzgerald
Explanation:
F. Scott Fitzgerald chronicled the glamour, disillusionment, and reckless materialism of 1920s America.
30. Which Nobel Prize-winning novelist wrote 'The Sun Also Rises' (1926) and 'A Farewell to Arms' (1929) in a sparse, iceberg prose style?
Correct Answer: b) Ernest Hemingway
Explanation:
Ernest Hemingway captured the post-WWI 'Lost Generation', bullfighting, and stoic grace under pressure.
31. Which Southern Gothic novelist set his complex, tragic novels in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi ('The Sound and the Fury')?
Correct Answer: b) William Faulkner
Explanation:
William Faulkner utilized stream-of-consciousness, shifting temporal perspectives, and regional history to explore the southern psyche.
32. Which Nobel Prize-winning author wrote 'The Grapes of Wrath' (1939) and 'Of Mice and Men', chronicling Depression-era migrant workers?
Correct Answer: b) John Steinbeck
Explanation:
John Steinbeck focused on social injustice, agricultural labor, and working-class solidarity in California and the Dust Bowl.
33. Which African American author wrote 'Native Son' (1940) and 'Black Boy', exploring racial oppression and urban alienation in Chicago?
Correct Answer: b) Richard Wright
Explanation:
Richard Wright was a pioneer of African American protest fiction, exposing systemic racism through naturalistic intensity.
34. Which African American novelist wrote 'Invisible Man' (1952), winning the National Book Award for its exploration of identity and racial invisibility?
Correct Answer: b) Ralph Ellison
Explanation:
Ralph Ellison's 'Invisible Man' combined modernist surrealism, folklore, and blues aesthetics to examine Black American identity.
35. Which essayist and novelist wrote 'Notes of a Native Son' (1955) and 'Giovanni's Room', addressing race, sexuality, and civil rights?
Correct Answer: b) James Baldwin
Explanation:
James Baldwin was a brilliant moral essayist and novelist whose eloquent prose analyzed American racial and sexual dynamics.
36. Which leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance wrote 'The Weary Blues' and 'Montage of a Dream Deferred', incorporating jazz rhythms?
Correct Answer: b) Langston Hughes
Explanation:
Langston Hughes celebrated Black vernacular culture, jazz music, and racial pride during the Harlem Renaissance.
37. Which Harlem Renaissance anthropologist and novelist wrote 'Their Eyes Were Watching God' (1937), celebrating rural Black folklore?
Correct Answer: b) Zora Neale Hurston
Explanation:
Zora Neale Hurston captured authentic southern Black speech and female self-discovery in her masterwork.
38. Which Southern Gothic author wrote 'A Good Man Is Hard to Find' and 'Wise Blood', featuring grotesque characters and divine grace?
Correct Answer: b) Flannery O'Connor
Explanation:
Flannery O'Connor infused her fiction with Catholic theological themes, dark humor, and shocking violence in the American South.
39. Which prominent American playwright wrote 'A Streetcar Named Desire' (1947) and 'The Glass Menagerie'?
Correct Answer: b) Tennessee Williams
Explanation:
Tennessee Williams explored fragile emotional states, fading southern gentility, and repressed desire in American drama.
40. Which American playwright wrote 'Death of a Salesman' (1949) and 'The Crucible', critiquing the American Dream and McCarthyism?
Correct Answer: b) Arthur Miller
Explanation:
Arthur Miller elevated the common man to tragic status, examining social responsibility and individual integrity.
41. Which Beat Generation novelist wrote 'On the Road' (1957), defining the counterculture spontaneous prose movement?
Correct Answer: b) Jack Kerouac
Explanation:
Jack Kerouac's fast-paced, jazz-infused novel chronicled post-war cross-country road trips and spiritual seeking.
42. Which Beat poet wrote 'Howl' (1956), a landmark visionary poem protesting conformity and industrial capitalism?
Correct Answer: b) Allen Ginsberg
Explanation:
Allen Ginsberg became a prophetic voice of the 1950s Beat generation and 1960s counterculture.
43. Which postmodern novelist wrote 'Slaughterhouse-Five' (1969) and 'Cat's Cradle', blending science fiction with anti-war satire?
Correct Answer: b) Kurt Vonnegut
Explanation:
Kurt Vonnegut used dark humor, metafiction, and science fiction to critique human folly and war (e.g., the firebombing of Dresden).
44. Which postmodern novelist wrote the massive labyrinthine conspiracy novel 'Gravity's Rainbow' (1973)?
Correct Answer: b) Thomas Pynchon
Explanation:
Thomas Pynchon is celebrated for encyclopedic postmodern novels exploring paranoia, entropy, and historical conspiracy.
45. Which African American Nobel laureate wrote 'Beloved' (1987), 'Song of Solomon', and 'The Bluest Eye'?
Correct Answer: b) Toni Morrison
Explanation:
Toni Morrison explored the generational trauma of slavery, Black female identity, and poetic mythopoeia.
46. Which author wrote the epistolary novel 'The Color Purple' (1982), winning the Pulitzer Prize for its depiction of southern Black women?
Correct Answer: b) Alice Walker
Explanation:
Alice Walker coined the term 'womanist' and wrote powerfully about domestic abuse, sisterhood, and spiritual awakening.
47. Which postmodern author wrote 'Infinite Jest' (1996), a sprawling encyclopedia of contemporary addiction, entertainment, and media saturation?
Correct Answer: b) David Foster Wallace
Explanation:
David Foster Wallace was a brilliant essayist and novelist known for maximalist narrative style and footnotes.
48. Which postmodern novelist wrote 'White Noise' (1985), capturing consumer culture, academic irony, and airborne toxic events?
Correct Answer: b) Don DeLillo
Explanation:
Don DeLillo examines contemporary American anxiety, technology, and mass media saturation.
49. Which acclaimed American novelist wrote the bleak apocalyptic western 'Blood Meridian' (1985) and 'The Road' (2006)?
Correct Answer: b) Cormac McCarthy
Explanation:
Cormac McCarthy wrote powerful biblical-cadenced prose exploring violence, morality, and desolate American landscapes.
50. Which prominent Jewish-American novelist wrote 'Portnoy's Complaint' (1969) and 'American Pastoral' (1997)?
Correct Answer: b) Philip Roth
Explanation:
Philip Roth examined Jewish-American identity, sexual neurosis, and the turbulent political history of post-war America.
51. Which Nobel Prize-winning author wrote 'The Adventures of Augie March' (1953) and 'Herzog' (1964)?
Correct Answer: b) Saul Bellow
Explanation:
Saul Bellow combined philosophical inquiry with vibrant urban realism reflecting mid-century American intellectual life.
52. Which Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist wrote the 'Rabbit, Run' tetralogy chronicling middle-class suburban angst in America?
Correct Answer: b) John Updike
Explanation:
John Updike wrote lush, precise prose exploring adultery, religion, and middle-class Protestantism.
53. Which 19th-century transcendentalist essayist and poet wrote 'Civil Disobedience' and 'Walden'?
Correct Answer: b) Henry David Thoreau
Explanation:
Henry David Thoreau's philosophy of civil disobedience directly influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
54. Which American naturalist wrote 'The Octopus' (1901) and 'The Pit', investigating California wheat farmers and railroad monopolies?
Correct Answer: b) Frank Norris
Explanation:
Frank Norris was a leading American naturalist who dramatized economic forces and corporate greed.
55. Which early American poet and Puritan minister wrote 'Taylor's Meditations' and metaphysical verse discovered in Yale archives?
Correct Answer: b) Edward Taylor
Explanation:
Edward Taylor is recognized as the finest colonial American metaphysical poet, blending pious devotion with domestic imagery.
56. Which 18th-century statesman and scientist wrote an enduring, witty 'Autobiography' detailing the pursuit of moral perfection?
Correct Answer: b) Benjamin Franklin
Explanation:
Benjamin Franklin epitomized the American Enlightenment and the self-made pragmatic ethos.
57. Which African American poet of the Harlem Renaissance wrote 'If We Must Die', protesting racial violence during the Red Summer of 1919?
Correct Answer: b) Claude McKay
Explanation:
Claude McKay was a Jamaican-American writer whose militant sonnets galvanized the New Negro movement.
58. Which modernist author wrote 'Cane' (1923), combining prose vignettes, folk songs, and poetry about African American life?
Correct Answer: b) Jean Toomer
Explanation:
Jean Toomer's 'Cane' is a masterpiece of high modernist fragmentation and racial consciousness.
59. Which Southern Gothic playwright wrote 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' and 'The Night of the Iguana'?
Correct Answer: b) Tennessee Williams
Explanation:
Tennessee Williams masterfully dramatized family secrets, sexual repression, and decay in the American South.
60. Which absurdist American playwright wrote 'Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?' (1962) and 'The Zoo Story'?
Correct Answer: b) Edward Albee
Explanation:
Edward Albee brought absurdist theatre and razor-sharp marital dialogue to mainstream American drama.
61. Which American realist playwright wrote 'Long Day's Journey into Night' (1956), exploring his dysfunctional family history?
Correct Answer: b) Eugene O'Neill
Explanation:
Eugene O'Neill introduced psychological depth, expressionism, and tragic grandeur to American theater, winning four Pulitzers and a Nobel Prize.
62. Which contemporary American dramatist wrote 'Glengarry Glen Ross' (1984), famous for profane, rhythmic office dialogue?
Correct Answer: b) David Mamet
Explanation:
David Mamet pioneered 'Mamet speak', capturing cutthroat American capitalism and masculine aggression.
63. Which African American playwright wrote the monumental 'Pittsburgh Cycle' (ten plays chronicling Black experiences across decades, e.g., 'Fences')?
Correct Answer: b) August Wilson
Explanation:
August Wilson gave epic theatrical voice to the 20th-century African American historical experience.
64. Which visionary playwright wrote 'Angels in America' (1991), a monumental two-part gay fantasia on national politics and the AIDS epidemic?
Correct Answer: b) Tony Kushner
Explanation:
Tony Kushner's epic drama combined political commentary, magical realism, and theological questioning.
65. Which early American poet wrote 'The Day of Doom' (1662), a bestselling Puritan theological verse-narrative of the Last Judgment?
Correct Answer: b) Michael Wigglesworth
Explanation:
Michael Wigglesworth's doggerel poem was memorized by generations of New England children to teach Calvinist doctrine.
66. Which Native American author wrote 'House Made of Dawn' (1968), winning the Pulitzer Prize and launching the Native American Renaissance?
Correct Answer: b) N. Scott Momaday
Explanation:
N. Scott Momaday brought indigenous oral traditions, dislocation, and spiritual renewal into contemporary American literature.
67. Which acclaimed Native American author wrote 'Love Medicine' (1984) and chronicled Ojibwe life in North Dakota?
Correct Answer: b) Louise Erdrich
Explanation:
Louise Erdrich is celebrated for interconnected novels exploring Native American identity, family, and survival.
68. Which Chinese-American author wrote 'The Joy Luck Club' (1989), exploring mother-daughter relationships and immigrant generational divides?
Correct Answer: b) Amy Tan
Explanation:
Amy Tan brought Chinese-American immigrant experiences and cultural negotiations to mainstream bestseller lists.
69. Which Dominican-American author wrote 'The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao' (2007), winning the Pulitzer Prize?
Correct Answer: b) Junot Díaz
Explanation:
Junot Díaz blended immigrant diaspora experience, geek culture, and magical realism in vernacular prose.
70. Which Chicana author wrote 'The House on Mango Street' (1984), a poetic coming-of-age novella in Chicago?
Correct Answer: b) Sandra Cisneros
Explanation:
Sandra Cisneros captured Latina identity, neighborhood life, and artistic awakening in lyrical vignettes.
71. Which Japanese-American author wrote 'The Woman Warrior' (1976), blending myth, memoir, and folklore?
Correct Answer: b) Maxine Hong Kingston
Explanation:
Maxine Hong Kingston redefined multicultural American autobiography and feminist storytelling.
72. Which African American poet and civil rights activist wrote 'I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings' (1969)?
Correct Answer: b) Maya Angelou
Explanation:
Maya Angelou was a celebrated memoirist, poet, and civil rights champion whose life story inspired millions.
73. Which African American poet won the Pulitzer Prize for 'Annie Allen' (1949), chronicling urban Chicago life?
Correct Answer: b) Gwendolyn Brooks
Explanation:
Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize, celebrated for lyrical mastery of urban vernacular.
74. Which contemporary American poet and former US Poet Laureate wrote 'Thomas and Beulah' (Pulitzer winner, 1986)?
Correct Answer: b) Rita Dove
Explanation:
Rita Dove is one of America's most distinguished poets, exploring history, race, and domestic intimacy.
75. Which Nobel Prize-winning American poet wrote 'The Wild Iris' (1992) and 'Averno', known for austere emotional precision?
Correct Answer: b) Louise Glück
Explanation:
Louise Glück's poetry explores trauma, mortality, myth, and botanical observation with devastating clarity.
76. Which confessional poet wrote 'The Bell Jar' (1963) and 'Ariel' (1965) before her tragic death?
Correct Answer: b) Sylvia Plath
Explanation:
Sylvia Plath revolutionized confessional poetry by probing mental illness, patriarchy, and psychological torment.
77. Which confessional poet wrote 'Live or Die' (Pulitzer winner, 1967), exploring trauma, therapy, and family life?
Correct Answer: b) Anne Sexton
Explanation:
Anne Sexton was a central figure in 1960s confessional poetry, addressing taboo personal subjects.
78. Which feminist poet and essayist wrote 'Diving into the Wreck' (1973), transforming modern American feminist verse?
Correct Answer: b) Adrienne Rich
Explanation:
Adrienne Rich was a towering radical feminist poet and critic examining politics, gender, and language.
79. Which Pulitzer Prize-winning poet wrote 'American Primitive' (1983), celebrating rapturous communion with nature and wildlife?
Correct Answer: b) Mary Oliver
Explanation:
Mary Oliver's accessible, spiritually resonant poetry celebrated the natural world, ponds, and animal life.
80. Which mid-century American poet wrote 'Geography III' and 'North & South', renowned for meticulous descriptive precision and travel?
Correct Answer: b) Elizabeth Bishop
Explanation:
Elizabeth Bishop was a master of formal elegance, understatement, and optical exactitude.
81. Which modernist poet edited 'The Dial' and wrote syllable-counted poems celebrating athletic grace, animals, and moral integrity?
Correct Answer: b) Marianne Moore
Explanation:
Marianne Moore was a key modernist innovator known for syllabic verse and quotations from diverse non-literary sources.
82. Which Harlem Renaissance and modernist poet wrote lyrical sonnets like 'Renascence' and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1923?
Correct Answer: b) Edna St. Vincent Millay
Explanation:
Edna St. Vincent Millay personified Greenwich Village bohemianism, romantic passion, and traditional poetic mastery.
83. Which post-war novelist wrote 'Catch-22' (1961), defining military bureaucracy and systemic absurdity?
Correct Answer: b) Joseph Heller
Explanation:
Joseph Heller coined the term 'catch-22' to describe paradoxical, inescapable bureaucratic double binds during World War II.
84. Which New Journalism pioneer wrote 'The Armies of the Night' (1968) and 'The Executioner's Song'?
Correct Answer: b) Norman Mailer
Explanation:
Norman Mailer was a fierce polemical novelist and journalist who helped pioneer New Journalism and creative non-fiction.
85. Which New Journalism pioneer wrote 'In Cold Blood' (1966), founding the true-crime novel genre?
Correct Answer: b) Truman Capote
Explanation:
Truman Capote applied novelistic techniques of suspense and characterization to real-life Kansas murder investigations.
86. Which essayist and novelist wrote 'Slouching Towards Bethlehem' (1968) and 'The Year of Magical Thinking', chronicling California counterculture and personal grief?
Correct Answer: b) Joan Didion
Explanation:
Joan Didion was a stylist of cool, detached American essay writing, examining political and personal fragmentation.
87. Which prominent cultural critic and essayist wrote 'Against Interpretation' (1966) and 'On Photography'?
Correct Answer: b) Susan Sontag
Explanation:
Susan Sontag was a formidable intellectual critic examining art, ethics, illness, and photography.
88. Which master of speculative fiction wrote 'The Left Hand of Darkness' (1969) and the Earthsea fantasy series?
Correct Answer: b) Ursula K. Le Guin
Explanation:
Ursula K. Le Guin elevated science fiction and fantasy through anthropological depth, anarchism, and feminist philosophy.
89. Which groundbreaking African American science fiction author wrote 'Kindred' (1979) and the Parable series?
Correct Answer: b) Octavia Butler
Explanation:
Octavia Butler broke racial barriers in science fiction, exploring power dynamics, slavery, and biological adaptation.
90. Which science fiction author wrote 'Fahrenheit 451' (1953) and 'The Martian Chronicles', celebrating literacy and imagination?
Correct Answer: b) Ray Bradbury
Explanation:
Ray Bradbury infused mid-century science fiction with lyrical nostalgia and warnings against censorship and mass media.
