C++ Exception / Error Handling - MCQs

Q: 1. What is exception handling in C++?

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Q: 2. Which keyword begins a protected block that can catch exceptions?

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Q: 3. Which keyword defines a handler for an exception?

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Q: 4. Which keyword raises an exception?

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Q: 5. What does a throw expression do?

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Q: 6. What happens if no catch block matches an exception?

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Q: 7. What happens if no handler handles an exception?

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Q: 8. Can an int be thrown as an exception in C++?

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Q: 9. What does catch(...) do?

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Q: 10. In what order should catch blocks usually be written?

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1. What is exception handling in C++?

a) A mechanism to respond to exceptional conditions

b) A way to define variables

c) A loop construct

d) A memory allocator

Correct Answer: a) A mechanism to respond to exceptional conditions

Explanation:

Exception handling separates error response code from normal control flow.

2. Which keyword begins a protected block that can catch exceptions?

a) catch

b) try

c) throw

d) finally

Correct Answer: b) try

Explanation:

A try block encloses code that may throw exceptions.

3. Which keyword defines a handler for an exception?

a) try

b) throw

c) catch

d) handle

Correct Answer: c) catch

Explanation:

catch blocks handle exceptions of matching types.

4. Which keyword raises an exception?

a) catch

b) try

c) handle

d) throw

Correct Answer: d) throw

Explanation:

throw transfers control to an exception handler.

5. What does a throw expression do?

a) Transfers control to a matching handler

b) Ends the program immediately

c) Restarts the function

d) Deletes variables

Correct Answer: a) Transfers control to a matching handler

Explanation:

throw begins exception propagation.

6. What happens if no catch block matches an exception?

a) It is ignored

b) The exception propagates to the caller

c) The object is deleted

d) The program loops

Correct Answer: b) The exception propagates to the caller

Explanation:

Uncaught exceptions move up the call stack.

7. What happens if no handler handles an exception?

a) The program continues

b) The exception is retried

c) std::terminate is called

d) The catch block runs anyway

Correct Answer: c) std::terminate is called

Explanation:

Unhandled exceptions cause termination by default.

8. Can an int be thrown as an exception in C++?

a) No

b) Only in templates

c) Only if const

d) Yes

Correct Answer: d) Yes

Explanation:

C++ allows almost any type to be thrown.

9. What does catch(...) do?

a) Catches any exception

b) Catches only int

c) Catches only std::exception

d) Catches no exceptions

Correct Answer: a) Catches any exception

Explanation:

The ellipsis handler matches all exception types.

10. In what order should catch blocks usually be written?

a) Base classes first

b) Most derived classes first

c) Random order

d) Alphabetical order

Correct Answer: b) Most derived classes first

Explanation:

Catch derived types before base types to avoid hiding them.

11. What is an exception object?

a) A loop counter

b) A class destructor

c) The object thrown and caught

d) A pointer to main

Correct Answer: c) The object thrown and caught

Explanation:

The thrown value is stored during stack unwinding.

12. What is a common best practice for throwing and catching exceptions?

a) Throw pointers only

b) Catch by value always

c) Throw arrays

d) Throw by value and catch by reference

Correct Answer: d) Throw by value and catch by reference

Explanation:

This avoids slicing and lifetime problems.

13. What is stack unwinding?

a) Destroying local objects while an exception propagates

b) Deleting global variables

c) Restarting the program

d) Inlining functions

Correct Answer: a) Destroying local objects while an exception propagates

Explanation:

Destructors for constructed local objects run during unwinding.

14. What does RAII help with during exceptions?

a) Avoiding constructors

b) Automatic resource cleanup

c) Faster loops

d) Static typing

Correct Answer: b) Automatic resource cleanup

Explanation:

RAII releases resources in destructors during unwinding.

15. What does std::exception provide?

a) A loop

b) A memory pool

c) A base class with what()

d) A thread handler

Correct Answer: c) A base class with what()

Explanation:

Standard exceptions derive from std::exception.

16. What does what() return?

a) An int

b) A bool

c) A std::string always

d) A const char pointer message

Correct Answer: d) A const char pointer message

Explanation:

what provides implementation-defined error text.

17. What is std::runtime_error?

a) A class derived from std::exception

b) A keyword

c) A macro

d) A compiler flag

Correct Answer: a) A class derived from std::exception

Explanation:

runtime_error represents errors detected at runtime.

18. What is std::logic_error?

a) A loop

b) A class derived from std::exception

c) A destructor

d) A stream

Correct Answer: b) A class derived from std::exception

Explanation:

logic_error represents errors in program logic.

19. What is std::invalid_argument derived from?

a) std::runtime_error

b) std::bad_alloc

c) std::logic_error

d) std::ostream

Correct Answer: c) std::logic_error

Explanation:

invalid_argument reports invalid function arguments.

20. What is std::out_of_range derived from?

a) std::runtime_error

b) std::bad_cast

c) std::iostream

d) std::logic_error

Correct Answer: d) std::logic_error

Explanation:

out_of_range reports arguments outside valid ranges.

21. Which exception is commonly thrown by new when allocation fails?

a) std::bad_alloc

b) std::logic_error

c) std::invalid_argument

d) std::overflow_error

Correct Answer: a) std::bad_alloc

Explanation:

new throws bad_alloc when memory cannot be allocated.

22. What is std::overflow_error derived from?

a) std::logic_error

b) std::runtime_error

c) std::bad_alloc

d) std::exception only

Correct Answer: b) std::runtime_error

Explanation:

overflow_error reports arithmetic overflow.

23. What is std::underflow_error derived from?

a) std::logic_error

b) std::bad_cast

c) std::runtime_error

d) std::system_error

Correct Answer: c) std::runtime_error

Explanation:

underflow_error reports arithmetic underflow.

24. What is std::length_error derived from?

a) std::runtime_error

b) std::bad_alloc

c) std::iostream

d) std::logic_error

Correct Answer: d) std::logic_error

Explanation:

length_error reports attempts to exceed maximum size.

25. Can a throw expression create a temporary exception object?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Only for pointers

d) Only for arrays

Correct Answer: a) Yes

Explanation:

throw can construct a temporary object.

26. Which catch parameter is usually recommended for standard exceptions?

a) std::exception e

b) catch (const std::exception& e)

c) std::exception* e only

d) int e

Correct Answer: b) catch (const std::exception& e)

Explanation:

Const reference avoids slicing and allows polymorphism.

27. What can happen if you catch a polymorphic exception by value?

a) It improves safety

b) It is required

c) Object slicing

d) Faster unwinding

Correct Answer: c) Object slicing

Explanation:

Catching by value can copy only the base part.

28. What is true about catch (std::exception e)?

a) It is impossible

b) It is always best

c) It prevents slicing

d) It can cause object slicing

Correct Answer: d) It can cause object slicing

Explanation:

Derived exception data may be lost.

29. How can you rethrow the current exception inside a catch block?

a) throw;

b) rethrow;

c) throw current;

d) continue;

Correct Answer: a) throw;

Explanation:

A bare throw rethrows the current exception.

30. What happens if throw; is executed outside a catch block?

a) Nothing

b) It calls std::terminate

c) It returns null

d) It restarts the try block

Correct Answer: b) It calls std::terminate

Explanation:

There is no current exception to rethrow.

31. Can constructors throw exceptions?

a) Never

b) Only destructors can

c) Yes

d) Only in C++98

Correct Answer: c) Yes

Explanation:

Constructors can report initialization failure by throwing.

32. What happens if a constructor throws an exception?

a) The object destructor is always called

b) No cleanup occurs

c) The object remains valid

d) Fully constructed subobjects are destroyed

Correct Answer: d) Fully constructed subobjects are destroyed

Explanation:

The object itself was never fully constructed.

33. Should destructors usually throw exceptions?

a) No

b) Yes always

c) Only during construction

d) Only if private

Correct Answer: a) No

Explanation:

Throwing destructors can cause termination during unwinding.

34. What can happen if a destructor throws during stack unwinding?

a) It is ignored

b) It may cause std::terminate

c) It restarts the program

d) It improves cleanup

Correct Answer: b) It may cause std::terminate

Explanation:

Multiple active exceptions are unsafe.

35. What does noexcept mean?

a) The function is virtual

b) The function is deleted

c) The function is not expected to throw

d) The function is inline

Correct Answer: c) The function is not expected to throw

Explanation:

noexcept supports optimization and safety contracts.

36. What happens if an exception leaves a noexcept function?

a) It is caught automatically

b) It is retried

c) It becomes a warning

d) std::terminate is called

Correct Answer: d) std::terminate is called

Explanation:

Violating noexcept ends the program by default.

37. What does the noexcept operator return?

a) A Boolean

b) A string

c) An iterator

d) A pointer

Correct Answer: a) A Boolean

Explanation:

It checks whether an expression is declared noexcept.

38. What does noexcept(false) indicate?

a) It guarantees no exceptions

b) It indicates the function may throw

c) It deletes the function

d) It makes the class abstract

Correct Answer: b) It indicates the function may throw

Explanation:

noexcept(false) is the absence of a no-throw guarantee.

39. Are destructors noexcept by default in modern C++?

a) No

b) Only virtual ones

c) Yes

d) Only if user-declared

Correct Answer: c) Yes

Explanation:

Destructors are implicitly noexcept unless specified otherwise.

40. Can move constructors be noexcept?

a) No

b) Only if virtual

c) Only if deleted

d) Yes, and it can improve container behavior

Correct Answer: d) Yes, and it can improve container behavior

Explanation:

Containers may prefer noexcept move operations.

41. When is std::terminate commonly called?

a) Unhandled exceptions or noexcept violations

b) Every catch block

c) Every throw expression

d) Every constructor

Correct Answer: a) Unhandled exceptions or noexcept violations

Explanation:

terminate ends abnormal exception situations.

42. Which function can replace the terminate handler?

a) std::set_new_handler

b) std::set_terminate

c) std::set_exception

d) std::set_catch

Correct Answer: b) std::set_terminate

Explanation:

set_terminate installs a custom termination handler.

43. What is exception safety?

a) Avoiding all functions

b) Using goto

c) Keeping objects valid and resources safe when exceptions occur

d) Disabling destructors

Correct Answer: c) Keeping objects valid and resources safe when exceptions occur

Explanation:

Exception-safe code maintains invariants during failures.

44. Which guarantee means no changes occur if an exception is thrown?

a) Basic guarantee

b) Nothrow guarantee

c) Weak guarantee

d) Strong exception guarantee

Correct Answer: d) Strong exception guarantee

Explanation:

Operations succeed completely or have no effect.

45. Which guarantee says objects remain valid after an exception?

a) Basic exception guarantee

b) Nothrow guarantee

c) Compile-time guarantee

d) Link-time guarantee

Correct Answer: a) Basic exception guarantee

Explanation:

Resources are not leaked and invariants remain valid.

46. Which guarantee means a function never throws?

a) Strong guarantee

b) Nothrow guarantee

c) Basic guarantee

d) Partial guarantee

Correct Answer: b) Nothrow guarantee

Explanation:

Nothrow operations must not throw exceptions.

47. Which idiom is commonly used for exception-safe assignment?

a) Global swap

b) Goto cleanup

c) Copy-and-swap

d) Manual delete

Correct Answer: c) Copy-and-swap

Explanation:

It provides strong safety by working on a copy.

48. What is a scope guard?

a) A loop condition

b) A namespace

c) A template only

d) An RAII cleanup helper

Correct Answer: d) An RAII cleanup helper

Explanation:

Scope guards run cleanup when scope exits.

49. What is the purpose of a try block?

a) To enclose code that may throw

b) To declare variables only

c) To define macros

d) To replace functions

Correct Answer: a) To enclose code that may throw

Explanation:

try groups code with associated handlers.

50. Can a try block execute normally without throwing?

a) No

b) Yes

c) Only if empty

d) Only with catch(...)

Correct Answer: b) Yes

Explanation:

try blocks do not require an exception to occur.

51. Can a catch block throw another exception?

a) No

b) Only integers

c) Yes

d) Only std::exception

Correct Answer: c) Yes

Explanation:

Handlers can translate or wrap exceptions.

52. Can a catch block finish by returning normally?

a) No

b) Only if rethrowing

c) Only with throw;

d) Yes

Correct Answer: d) Yes

Explanation:

A handler can recover and continue execution.

53. What did an empty dynamic exception specification throw() mean in older C++?

a) The function should not throw exceptions

b) The function throws all exceptions

c) The function is deleted

d) The function is private

Correct Answer: a) The function should not throw exceptions

Explanation:

throw() was an early no-exception specification.

54. What happened to dynamic exception specifications in C++11?

a) They became mandatory

b) They were deprecated

c) They were improved

d) They became virtual

Correct Answer: b) They were deprecated

Explanation:

Modern C++ prefers noexcept.

55. What happened to dynamic exception specifications in C++17?

a) They became required

b) They became faster

c) They were removed, but throw() remained as deprecated noexcept

d) They became catch blocks

Correct Answer: c) They were removed, but throw() remained as deprecated noexcept

Explanation:

Dynamic specifications were removed from the language.

56. Can nullptr be thrown?

a) No

b) Only as int

c) Only in C

d) Yes

Correct Answer: d) Yes

Explanation:

Pointer values can be thrown.

57. Can an enum value be thrown?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Only if constexpr

d) Only if public

Correct Answer: a) Yes

Explanation:

Enums are valid exception types.

58. Can a char be caught?

a) No

b) Yes

c) Only in templates

d) Only with new

Correct Answer: b) Yes

Explanation:

Any thrown type can have a matching catch.

59. Can a function have multiple catch blocks?

a) No

b) Only one

c) Yes

d) Only with macros

Correct Answer: c) Yes

Explanation:

Multiple handlers can handle different exception types.

60. What is true about catch(...)?

a) It names the exception object

b) It gives the exception type

c) It gives the exception message

d) It catches without naming the exception object

Correct Answer: d) It catches without naming the exception object

Explanation:

The ellipsis handler does not provide a parameter name.

61. Which function captures the current exception into an exception_ptr?

a) std::current_exception

b) std::make_exception

c) std::throw_ptr

d) std::catch_ptr

Correct Answer: a) std::current_exception

Explanation:

It stores an exception for later rethrowing.

62. What can std::exception_ptr store?

a) Only integers

b) A stored exception

c) A lambda only

d) A container only

Correct Answer: b) A stored exception

Explanation:

exception_ptr can hold an exception across scopes.

63. Which function rethrows a stored exception_ptr?

a) std::throw

b) std::exception_ptr

c) std::rethrow_exception

d) std::current_exception

Correct Answer: c) std::rethrow_exception

Explanation:

It throws the exception stored in an exception_ptr.

64. Which function creates an exception_ptr from an exception object?

a) std::current_exception

b) std::rethrow_exception

c) std::catch_exception

d) std::make_exception_ptr

Correct Answer: d) std::make_exception_ptr

Explanation:

It constructs and stores an exception object.

65. How can exceptions be transferred between threads?

a) Using std::exception_ptr

b) Using goto

c) Using global int only

d) Using macros

Correct Answer: a) Using std::exception_ptr

Explanation:

exception_ptr can be passed across threads.

66. Which function returns the number of active uncaught exceptions?

a) std::terminate

b) std::uncaught_exceptions

c) std::current_exception

d) std::rethrow_exception

Correct Answer: b) std::uncaught_exceptions

Explanation:

It returns the active exception count.

67. What is true about std::uncaught_exception without the final s?

a) It is preferred

b) It is mandatory

c) It is deprecated

d) It is virtual

Correct Answer: c) It is deprecated

Explanation:

std::uncaught_exceptions is the modern alternative.

68. Should exceptions be used for normal control flow?

a) Always

b) Only for loops

c) They are required

d) Generally discouraged

Correct Answer: d) Generally discouraged

Explanation:

Exceptions are best for exceptional conditions.

69. Which is an alternative to exceptions for error handling?

a) Return codes, optional, or expected-like types

b) Deleting constructors

c) Avoiding destructors

d) Using only macros

Correct Answer: a) Return codes, optional, or expected-like types

Explanation:

Not all errors require exceptions.

70. Which type can represent a value that may be absent?

a) std::vector

b) std::optional

c) std::map

d) std::queue

Correct Answer: b) std::optional

Explanation:

optional can model missing values without exceptions.

71. Which C++23 type can represent a value or an error?

a) std::pair only

b) std::tuple only

c) std::expected

d) std::stack

Correct Answer: c) std::expected

Explanation:

expected stores either a result or an error.

72. Which C-compatible error indicator is often used with system functions?

a) catch

b) throw

c) try

d) errno

Correct Answer: d) errno

Explanation:

errno stores error codes for many C APIs.

73. Which macro checks a runtime assumption and may abort?

a) assert

b) static_assert

c) noexcept

d) throw

Correct Answer: a) assert

Explanation:

assert tests conditions during debugging.

74. Which construct checks conditions at compile time?

a) assert

b) static_assert

c) try

d) catch

Correct Answer: b) static_assert

Explanation:

static_assert fails compilation if false.

75. Which macro can disable assert checks?

a) DEBUG

b) ASSERT_ON

c) NDEBUG

d) NO_ASSERT

Correct Answer: c) NDEBUG

Explanation:

NDEBUG removes assert checks.

76. What must static_assert use?

a) A runtime loop

b) A pointer

c) A stream

d) A constant expression

Correct Answer: d) A constant expression

Explanation:

Compile-time checks require constant expressions.

77. Can allocation failure cause exceptions in C++?

a) Yes, through std::bad_alloc

b) No

c) Only in C

d) Only with malloc

Correct Answer: a) Yes, through std::bad_alloc

Explanation:

new reports allocation failure with exceptions by default.

78. Which form of new returns nullptr instead of throwing?

a) new fast

b) new (std::nothrow)

c) new null

d) new quiet

Correct Answer: b) new (std::nothrow)

Explanation:

nothrow new returns nullptr on failure.

79. Does malloc throw exceptions?

a) Yes always

b) Only in C++

c) No, it returns nullptr on failure

d) Only for arrays

Correct Answer: c) No, it returns nullptr on failure

Explanation:

malloc is a C allocation function.

80. How should allocation failures be handled in C++?

a) Always ignored

b) Only with goto

c) Only with assert

d) Handle exceptions or use nothrow depending on design

Correct Answer: d) Handle exceptions or use nothrow depending on design

Explanation:

Choose error handling that matches system requirements.

81. Which exception can dynamic_cast throw for references?

a) std::bad_cast

b) std::bad_alloc

c) std::invalid_argument

d) std::overflow_error

Correct Answer: a) std::bad_cast

Explanation:

Reference dynamic_cast throws on failure.

82. What does dynamic_cast return on pointer failure?

a) An exception always

b) nullptr

c) 0.0

d) true

Correct Answer: b) nullptr

Explanation:

Pointer dynamic_cast returns nullptr when it fails.

83. Which exception can typeid throw for a null polymorphic pointer?

a) std::bad_alloc

b) std::logic_error

c) std::bad_typeid

d) std::length_error

Correct Answer: c) std::bad_typeid

Explanation:

typeid on a null polymorphic pointer can throw.

84. Which exception may be thrown by calling an empty std::function?

a) std::bad_alloc

b) std::invalid_argument

c) std::runtime_error

d) std::bad_function_call

Correct Answer: d) std::bad_function_call

Explanation:

Calling a targetless function object throws.

85. Which class wraps operating-system error information?

a) std::system_error

b) std::logic_error

c) std::bad_cast

d) std::length_error

Correct Answer: a) std::system_error

Explanation:

system_error carries an error_code.

86. Which type stores an error value and category?

a) std::exception

b) std::error_code

c) std::string

d) std::vector

Correct Answer: b) std::error_code

Explanation:

error_code represents system-specific errors.

87. Which type provides a portable error condition?

a) std::error_code

b) std::bad_alloc

c) std::error_condition

d) std::exception_ptr

Correct Answer: c) std::error_condition

Explanation:

error_condition abstracts error categories.

88. Which enumeration defines portable error conditions?

a) std::exception

b) std::error_code

c) std::system_error

d) std::errc

Correct Answer: d) std::errc

Explanation:

errc lists common error conditions.

89. Which exception can vector::at throw?

a) std::out_of_range

b) std::bad_alloc only

c) std::invalid_argument only

d) std::system_error

Correct Answer: a) std::out_of_range

Explanation:

at performs bounds checking.

90. Which exception can map::at throw when a key is missing?

a) std::bad_cast

b) std::out_of_range

c) std::overflow_error

d) std::bad_alloc

Correct Answer: b) std::out_of_range

Explanation:

map::at reports missing keys.

91. Which exception can std::stoi throw if conversion fails?

a) std::bad_alloc

b) std::overflow_error

c) std::invalid_argument

d) std::length_error

Correct Answer: c) std::invalid_argument

Explanation:

stoi throws when no conversion can be performed.

92. Which exception can std::stoi throw if the value is too large?

a) std::invalid_argument

b) std::bad_cast

c) std::system_error

d) std::out_of_range

Correct Answer: d) std::out_of_range

Explanation:

stoi throws when the number is out of int range.

93. Which exception can std::string::substr throw for a bad position?

a) std::out_of_range

b) std::bad_alloc

c) std::invalid_argument

d) std::length_error

Correct Answer: a) std::out_of_range

Explanation:

substr checks the starting position.

94. Which exception can std::string::at throw for a bad index?

a) std::bad_cast

b) std::out_of_range

c) std::invalid_argument

d) std::overflow_error

Correct Answer: b) std::out_of_range

Explanation:

at checks character indexes.

95. How should exceptions usually be caught?

a) By value only

b) By pointer only

c) By const reference

d) By macro

Correct Answer: c) By const reference

Explanation:

Const reference preserves type and avoids slicing.

96. What should custom exception classes usually derive from?

a) std::vector

b) std::string

c) std::ostream

d) std::exception

Correct Answer: d) std::exception

Explanation:

Deriving from std::exception integrates with handlers.

97. What should a custom exception class usually override?

a) what()

b) main()

c) size()

d) begin()

Correct Answer: a) what()

Explanation:

what provides the error message.

98. What is a good property of exception objects?

a) Mutable

b) Immutable

c) Global

d) Virtual only

Correct Answer: b) Immutable

Explanation:

Exceptions should carry stable error information.

99. What does an exception hierarchy allow?

a) No handlers

b) Only exact catches

c) Catch broad or specific handlers

d) No polymorphism

Correct Answer: c) Catch broad or specific handlers

Explanation:

Hierarchies support flexible error handling.

100. What is a best practice for C++ error handling?

a) Use exceptions for all loop control

b) Ignore allocation errors

c) Throw from destructors

d) Use exceptions for exceptional errors with RAII

Correct Answer: d) Use exceptions for exceptional errors with RAII

Explanation:

RAII and exception safety keep programs robust.

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C++ Exception / Error Handling - MCQs

1. What is exception handling in C++?

2. Which keyword begins a protected block that can catch exceptions?

3. Which keyword defines a handler for an exception?

4. Which keyword raises an exception?

5. What does a throw expression do?

6. What happens if no catch block matches an exception?

7. What happens if no handler handles an exception?

8. Can an int be thrown as an exception in C++?

9. What does catch(...) do?

10. In what order should catch blocks usually be written?

11. What is an exception object?

12. What is a common best practice for throwing and catching exceptions?

13. What is stack unwinding?

14. What does RAII help with during exceptions?

15. What does std::exception provide?

16. What does what() return?

17. What is std::runtime_error?

18. What is std::logic_error?

19. What is std::invalid_argument derived from?

20. What is std::out_of_range derived from?

21. Which exception is commonly thrown by new when allocation fails?

22. What is std::overflow_error derived from?

23. What is std::underflow_error derived from?

24. What is std::length_error derived from?

25. Can a throw expression create a temporary exception object?

26. Which catch parameter is usually recommended for standard exceptions?

27. What can happen if you catch a polymorphic exception by value?

28. What is true about catch (std::exception e)?

29. How can you rethrow the current exception inside a catch block?

30. What happens if throw; is executed outside a catch block?

31. Can constructors throw exceptions?

32. What happens if a constructor throws an exception?

33. Should destructors usually throw exceptions?

34. What can happen if a destructor throws during stack unwinding?

35. What does noexcept mean?

36. What happens if an exception leaves a noexcept function?

37. What does the noexcept operator return?

38. What does noexcept(false) indicate?

39. Are destructors noexcept by default in modern C++?

40. Can move constructors be noexcept?

41. When is std::terminate commonly called?

42. Which function can replace the terminate handler?

43. What is exception safety?

44. Which guarantee means no changes occur if an exception is thrown?

45. Which guarantee says objects remain valid after an exception?

46. Which guarantee means a function never throws?

47. Which idiom is commonly used for exception-safe assignment?

48. What is a scope guard?

49. What is the purpose of a try block?

50. Can a try block execute normally without throwing?

51. Can a catch block throw another exception?

52. Can a catch block finish by returning normally?

53. What did an empty dynamic exception specification throw() mean in older C++?

54. What happened to dynamic exception specifications in C++11?

55. What happened to dynamic exception specifications in C++17?

56. Can nullptr be thrown?

57. Can an enum value be thrown?

58. Can a char be caught?

59. Can a function have multiple catch blocks?

60. What is true about catch(...)?

61. Which function captures the current exception into an exception_ptr?

62. What can std::exception_ptr store?

63. Which function rethrows a stored exception_ptr?

64. Which function creates an exception_ptr from an exception object?

65. How can exceptions be transferred between threads?

66. Which function returns the number of active uncaught exceptions?

67. What is true about std::uncaught_exception without the final s?

68. Should exceptions be used for normal control flow?

69. Which is an alternative to exceptions for error handling?

70. Which type can represent a value that may be absent?

71. Which C++23 type can represent a value or an error?

72. Which C-compatible error indicator is often used with system functions?

73. Which macro checks a runtime assumption and may abort?

74. Which construct checks conditions at compile time?

75. Which macro can disable assert checks?

76. What must static_assert use?

77. Can allocation failure cause exceptions in C++?

78. Which form of new returns nullptr instead of throwing?